Hectorite
Hectorite is a rare soft, greasy, white clay mineral with a chemical formula of Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(OH)2.
| Hectorite | |
|---|---|
Hectorite from California | |
| General | |
| Category | Phyllosilicates Smectite |
| Formula (repeating unit) | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(OH)2 (empirical: Na3(Mg,Li)30Si40O100(OH)20) |
| IMA symbol | Htr |
| Strunz classification | 9.EC.45 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | C2/m |
| Unit cell | a = 5.25 Å, b = 9.18 Å c = 16 Å; β = 99°; Z = 2 |
| Identification | |
| Color | White, cream, pale brown, mottled |
| Crystal habit | Thin laths and aggregates |
| Cleavage | [001] Perfect |
| Fracture | Uneven |
| Mohs scale hardness | 1–2 |
| Luster | Earthy to waxy |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Translucent to opaque |
| Specific gravity | 2–3 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (−) – 2V small |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.490 nβ = 1.500 nγ = 1.520 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.030 |
| References | |
Hectorite was first described in 1941 and named for an occurrence in the United States near Hector (in San Bernardino County, California, 30 miles east of Barstow.) Hectorite occurs with bentonite as an alteration product of clinoptilolite from volcanic ash and tuff with a high glass content. Hectorite is also found in the beige/brown clay ghassoul, mined in the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. A large deposit of hectorite is also found at the Thacker Pass lithium deposit, located within the McDermitt Caldera in Nevada. The Thacker Pass lithium deposit could be a significant source of lithium.
Despite its rarity, it is economically viable as the Hector mine sits over a large deposit of the mineral. Hectorite is mostly used in making cosmetics, but has uses in chemical and other industrial applications, and is a mineral source for refined lithium metal.