Gurmukhi
Gurmukhī (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ, Punjabi pronunciation: [ˈɡʊɾᵊmʊkʰiː], Shahmukhi: گُرمُکھِی) or Gurumukhī is an Indic script predominantly used in present-day Punjab, India. It is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, standardized and used by the second Sikh guru Guru Angad (1504–1552). It is commonly regarded as a Sikh script, used by Punjabi Sikhs to write the Punjabi language, and is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic, while the Arabic-based Shahmukhi script is used in Punjab, Pakistan.
| Gurmukhi script Gurmukhī ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ | |
|---|---|
Modern Gurmukhi letters | |
| Script type | |
Time period | 16th century CE-present |
| Direction | Left-to-right |
| Languages | |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Child systems | Anandpur Lipi |
Sister systems | Khudabadi, Khojki, Mahajani, Multani |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Guru (310), Gurmukhi |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Gurmukhi |
| U+0A00–U+0A7F | |
| Brahmic scripts |
|---|
| The Brahmi script and its descendants |
The primary scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, is written in Gurmukhī, in various dialects and languages often subsumed under the generic title Sant Bhasha or saint language, in addition to other languages like Persian and various phases of Indo-Aryan languages.
Modern Gurmukhī has thirty-five original letters, hence its common alternative term paintī or "the thirty-five", plus six additional consonants, nine vowel diacritics, two diacritics for nasal sounds, one diacritic that geminates consonants and three subscript characters.