Shahmukhi
Shahmukhi (Punjabi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃaːɦmʊkʰiː], lit. 'from the mouth of the Shah'; Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan. It originated in the 12th century medieval Punjab through Sufi literature. It is generally written in the Nastaʿlīq calligraphic hand, which is also used for Persian and Urdu. Shahmukhi is one of the two standard scripts used for Punjabi, the other being Gurmukhi used mainly in Punjab, India.
| Shahmukhi شاہ مُکھی | |
|---|---|
Poetry by Bulleh Shah in Shahmukhi (Nastaliq) | |
| Script type | |
Time period | 12th century–present |
| Direction | Right-to-left script |
| Official script | Pakistan |
| Region | Punjab, Hazara, Azad Kashmir |
| Languages | Punjabi (incl. dialects and varieties) |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
| Unicode | |
| Shahmukhi alphabet |
|---|
| ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج چ ح خ د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل ࣇ م ن ݨ (ں) و ه (ھ) ء ی ے |
|
Extended Perso-Arabic script |
Shahmukhi is written from right to left, while Gurmukhi is written from left to right. Shahmukhi has 36 primary letters with some other additional letters.
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