Eta Centauri
Eta Centauri, Latinized from η Centauri, is a star in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +2.35 and is located at a distance of around 306 light-years (94 parsecs).
| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Centaurus |
| Right ascension | 14h 35m 30.42416s |
| Declination | −42° 09′ 28.1708″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | +2.35 (2.30 - 2.41) |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | B1.5 Vne |
| U−B color index | −0.862 |
| B−V color index | −0.215 |
| Variable type | GCAS + LERI |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −0.2 km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −34.73 mas/yr Dec.: −32.72 mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 10.67 ± 0.21 mas |
| Distance | 306 ± 6 ly (94 ± 2 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | −2.53 |
| Details | |
| Mass | 12.0±0.3 M☉ |
| Radius | 6.10±0.12 R☉ |
| Luminosity | 8,700 L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 3.95±0.04 cgs |
| Temperature | 25,700 K |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 330 km/s |
| Age | 5.6±1.0 Myr |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
The stellar classification of this star is B1.5 Vne, indicating that it is a B-type main sequence star. The 'n' suffix means that the absorption lines are broadened from rapid rotation and the 'e' that it shows emission lines in its spectrum. It has a projected rotational velocity of 330 km s−1 and completes a full rotation in less than a day.
As a Be star, it has variable emissions in its hydrogen spectral lines. This emission can be modelled by a decretion disk of gas that has been ejected from the star by its rapid rotation and now follows a near-Keplerian orbit around the central body. Its brightness is also slightly variable, and it is classified as a Gamma Cassiopeiae variable star with multiple periods of variability. The International Variable Star Index lists Eta Centauri as both a Gamma Cassiopeiae variable and a Lambda Eridani variable with variations caused by its rotation and pulsations.
Eta Centauri has about 12 times the mass of the Sun, placing it above the dividing line between stars that evolve into white dwarfs and those that turn into supernovae. It is radiating 8,700 times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 25,700 K. At this temperature, the star glows with the blue-white hue common to B-type stars. Eta Centauri is a proper motion member of the Upper Centaurus–Lupus sub-group in the Scorpius–Centaurus OB association, the nearest such co-moving association of massive stars to the Sun.
In traditional Chinese astronomy, Eta Centauri was known as 庫樓二 (meaning: the Second (Star) of Koo Low).