Estrogen receptor

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells. They are receptors that are activated by the hormone estrogen (17β-estradiol). Two classes of ER exist: nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), which are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular receptors, and membrane estrogen receptors (mERs) (GPER (GPR30), ER-X, and Gq-mER), which are mostly G protein-coupled receptors. This article refers to the former (ER).

estrogen receptor 1 (ER-alpha)
A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERα (PDB rendering based on 3erd​).
Identifiers
SymbolESR1
Alt. symbolsER-α, NR3A1
NCBI gene2099
HGNC3467
OMIM133430
PDB1ERE
RefSeqNM_000125
UniProtP03372
Other data
LocusChr. 6 q24-q27
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StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
estrogen receptor 2 (ER-beta)
A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERβ (PDB rendering based on 1u3s​).
Identifiers
SymbolESR2
Alt. symbolsER-β, NR3A2
NCBI gene2100
HGNC3468
OMIM601663
PDB1QKM
RefSeqNM_001040275
UniProtQ92731
Other data
LocusChr. 14 q21-q22
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

Once activated by estrogen, the ER is able to translocate into the nucleus and bind to DNA to regulate the activity of different genes (i.e. it is a DNA-binding transcription factor). However, it also has additional functions independent of DNA binding.

As hormone receptors for sex steroids (steroid hormone receptors), ERs, androgen receptors (ARs), and progesterone receptors (PRs) are important in sexual maturation and gestation.

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