Rocket Lab Electron

Electron is a two-stage, partially recoverable orbital launch vehicle developed by Rocket Lab, an American aerospace company with a wholly owned New Zealand subsidiary. Electron was developed to service the commercial small satellite launch market. Its Rutherford engines are the first electric-pump-fed engine to power an orbital-class rocket. Electron is often flown with a kickstage or Rocket Lab's Photon spacecraft. Although the rocket was designed to be expendable, Rocket Lab has recovered the first stage twice and is working towards the capability of reusing the booster. The Flight 26 (F26) booster has featured the first helicopter catch recovery attempt.

Electron
Electron launching TROPICS in 2023
ManufacturerRocket Lab
Country of originNew Zealand
United States
Project costUS$100 million
Cost per launchAbout US$7.5 million
Size
Height18 m (59 ft)
Diameter1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)
Mass12.5 t (28,000 lb)
Stages2–3
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Mass
  • Original: 225 kg (496 lb)
  • Updated: 300 kg (660 lb)
Payload to SSO
Mass
  • Original: 150 kg (330 lb)
  • Updated: 200 kg (440 lb)
Associated rockets
ComparableShavit, Kaituozhe-1, Unha, Prime, Miura 5,SSLV
Launch history
StatusActive
Launch sites
Total launches42
Success(es)38
Failure(s)4
First flightMay 25, 2017 (2017-05-25)
Last flight31 January 2024 (Active)
First stage
Height12.1 m (40 ft)
Diameter1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)
Powered by9 × Rutherford
Maximum thrustSea level: 224.3 kN (50,400 lbf)
Vacuum: 234 kN (53,000 lbf)
Specific impulse311 s (3.05 km/s)
PropellantRP-1/LOX
Second stage
Height2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Diameter1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)
Powered by1 × Rutherford
Maximum thrustVacuum: 25.8 kN (5,800 lbf)
Specific impulse343 s (3.36 km/s)
PropellantRP-1/LOX
Kick stage (optional) – Photon
Powered by1 × Curie
Maximum thrustVacuum: 0.12 kN (27 lbf)
PropellantViscous liquid monopropellant (AP, Al, Polydimethylsiloxane)
Kick stage (optional) – Photon (modified)
Powered by1 × HyperCurie
Maximum thrustVacuum: 0.4 kN (90 lbf)
Specific impulse310 s (3.0 km/s)
Propellantunspecified hypergolic bi-propellant

In December 2016, Electron completed flight qualification. The first rocket was launched on 25 May 2017 in a flight called "It's a Test", reaching space but not achieving orbit due to a glitch in communication equipment on the ground. During its second flight on 21 January 2018, Electron reached orbit and deployed three CubeSats, in a mission called "Still Testing". The first commercial launch of Electron, and the third launch overall, occurred on 11 November 2018, in a mission called "It's Business Time". Since then, Electron has launched successfully 37 times, with an additional 4 failures, for a grand total of 41 launches.

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