E (state)
The State of E (IPA: /ɤ̂/), whose Middle and Old Chinese name has been reconstructed as Ngak (IPA: /ŋˤak/), was an ancient Chinese state in the area of present-day Henan and Hubei in China from around the 12th century BCE until its overthrow in 863 BCE. It was a vassal of the Shang state and its ruler was one of the Three Ducal Ministers appointed by Dixin of Shang, who is known pejoratively as King Zhou of Shang.
State of E 鄂 | |||||||||||||
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| c. 12th century BCE–863 BCE | |||||||||||||
State of E as a territory of the Zhou Dynasty, near the South | |||||||||||||
| Status | Monarchy | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Xiangning County Nanyang, Henan Province Ezhou, Hubei Province | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Chinese folk religion, Ancestor worship | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• Established | c. 12th century BCE | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 863 BCE | ||||||||||||
| Currency | Spade money | ||||||||||||
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| E | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chinese | 鄂 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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E was originally located in the southern part of the modern province of Henan but later moved to Hubei. Its name is now used as the provincial abbreviation for Hubei.
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