Cyanogen
Cyanogen is the chemical compound with the formula (CN)2. The simplest stable carbon nitride, it is a colorless and highly toxic gas with a pungent odor. The molecule is a pseudohalogen. Cyanogen molecules consist of two CN groups – analogous to diatomic halogen molecules, such as Cl2, but far less oxidizing. The two cyano groups are bonded together at their carbon atoms: N≡C‒C≡N, although other isomers have been detected. The name is also used for the CN radical, and hence is used for compounds such as cyanogen bromide (NCBr) (but see also Cyano radical.)
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Oxalonitrile | |||
| Systematic IUPAC name
Ethanedinitrile | |||
| Other names
Cyanogen Bis(nitridocarbon)(C—C) Dicyan Carbon nitride Oxalic acid dinitrile Dicyanogen Nitriloacetonitrile CY | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 1732464 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.643 | ||
| EC Number |
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| 1090 | |||
| MeSH | cyanogen | ||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1026 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| C2N2 | |||
| Molar mass | 52.036 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless gas | ||
| Odor | pungent, almond-like | ||
| Density | 950 mg mL−1 (at −21 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −28 °C (−18 °F; 245 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −21.1 °C; −6.1 °F; 252.0 K | ||
| 45 g/100 mL (at 20 °C) | |||
| Solubility | soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether | ||
| Vapor pressure | 5.1 atm (21 °C) | ||
Henry's law constant (kH) |
1.9 μmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| -21.6·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.327 (18 °C) | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
241.57 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
309.07 kJ mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−1.0978–−1.0942 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
forms cyanide in the body; flammable | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H220, H331, H410 | |||
| P210, P261, P271, P273, P304+P340, P311, P321, P377, P381, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Explosive limits | 6.6–32% | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
none | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 10 ppm (20 mg/m3) | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
N.D. | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | inchem.org | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related alkanenitriles |
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Related compounds |
DBNPA | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
Cyanogen is the anhydride of oxamide:
- H2NC(O)C(O)NH2 → NCCN + 2 H2O
although oxamide is manufactured from cyanogen by hydrolysis:
- NCCN + 2 H2O → H2NC(O)C(O)NH2
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