Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether, is an organic compound in the ether class with the formula C4H10O, (CH3CH2)2O or (C2H5)2O, sometimes abbreviated as Et2O. It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling ("ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It is commonly used as a solvent in laboratories and as a starting fluid for some engines. It was formerly used as a general anesthetic, until non-flammable drugs were developed, such as halothane. It has been used as a recreational drug to cause intoxication.
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Ethoxyethane | |||
| Other names
Diethyl ether; Dether; Ethyl ether; Ethyl oxide; 3-Oxapentane; Ethoxyethane; Diethyl oxide; Solvent ether; Sulfuric ether; Vitriolic ether; Sweet oil of vitriol | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 1696894 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.425 | ||
| EC Number |
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| 25444 | |||
| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1155 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| C4H10O | |||
| Molar mass | 74.123 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless liquid | ||
| Odor | Dry, Rum-like, sweetish odor | ||
| Density | 0.7134 g/cm3, liquid | ||
| Melting point | −116.3 °C (−177.3 °F; 156.8 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 34.6 °C (94.3 °F; 307.8 K) | ||
| 6.05 g/(100 mL) | |||
| log P | 0.98 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 440 mmHg at 20 °C (58.66 kPa at 20 °C) | ||
| −55.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.353 (20 °C) | ||
| Viscosity | 0.224 cP (25 °C) | ||
| Structure | |||
| 1.15 D (gas) | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
172.5 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
253.5 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
(−271.2±1.9) kJ/mol | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
(−2732.1±1.9) kJ/mol | ||
| Pharmacology | |||
| N01AA01 (WHO) | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
Extremely flammable, harmful to skin, decomposes to explosive peroxides in air and light | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H224, H302, H336 | |||
| P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P312, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −45 °C (−49 °F; 228 K) | ||
| 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 1.9–48.0% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LC50 (median concentration) |
73,000 ppm (rat, 2 hr) 6500 ppm (mouse, 1.65 hr) | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
106,000 ppm (rabbit) 76,000 ppm (dog) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 400 ppm (1200 mg/m3) | ||
REL (Recommended) |
No established REL | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
1900 ppm | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related ethers |
Dimethyl ether Methoxypropane | ||
Related compounds |
Diethyl sulfide Butanols (isomer) | ||
| Supplementary data page | |||
| Diethyl ether (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
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