Chongqing
Chongqing (/ˌtʃɒŋˈtʃɪŋ/ CHONG-CHING or /ˈtʃɒŋtʃɪŋ/ chong-CHING; simplified Chinese: 重庆; traditional Chinese: 重慶; pinyin: Chóngqìng; Sichuanese pronunciation: [tsʰoŋ˨˩tɕʰin˨˩˦], Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [ʈʂʰʊ̌ŋ.tɕʰîŋ] ⓘ; alternately romanized as Chungking, /ˈtʃʊŋˈkɪŋ/) is a major city in the People's Republic of China. Chongqing is a connection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and a base for China's Belt and Road Initiative.
Chongqing
重庆 Chungking, Ch'ung-ch'ing | |
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From top, left to right: Yuzhong District skyline, Hongya Cave and Qiansimen Bridge; Chongqing Art Museum; a train of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 coming through residential building at Liziba Station; Jiefangbei CBD; Qutang Gorge view from Baidicheng; Tianfu Official Post at Three Natural Bridges; Huguang Huiguan, Chongqing | |
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Official Logo of Chongqing | |
Location of Chongqing Municipality within China | |
| Coordinates (Chongqing municipal government): 29°33′49″N 106°33′01″E | |
| Country | China |
| Settled | c. 316 BC |
| Separated from Sichuan | 14 March 1997 |
| Municipal seat | Yuzhong District |
| Divisions - County-level - Township-level | 26 districts, 12 counties 1259 towns, townships, and subdistricts |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | Chongqing Municipal People's Congress |
| • CCP Secretary | Yuan Jiajun |
| • Congress Chairperson | Wang Jiong |
| • Mayor | Hu Henghua |
| • Provincial CPPCC Chairperson | Tang Fangyu |
| • National People's Congress Representation | 58 deputies |
| Area | |
| • Municipality | 82,403 km2 (31,816 sq mi) |
| • Built up area | 5,472.8 km2 (2,113.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 244 m (801 ft) |
| Highest elevation (Yintiao Ling) | 2,797 m (9,177 ft) |
| Population (2020 census (total), 2018 (otherwise)) | |
| • Municipality | 32,054,159 |
| • Density | 390/km2 (1,000/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 22,251,500 |
| • Built up area | 9,580,770 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (CST) |
| Postal codes | 4000 00 – 4099 00 |
| Area code | 23 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-CQ |
| GDP | 2022 |
| – Total | ¥2.913 trillion (16th) $433 billion (nominal) |
| – Per capita | ¥90,663 (10th) $13,479 (nominal) |
| – Growth | 2.6% |
| Abbreviation | CQ / 渝; Yú |
| Climate | Cfa |
| HDI (2021) | 0.774 (11th) – high |
| Website | www English version |
| Symbols | |
| Flower | Camellia |
| Tree | Ficus lacor |
| Chongqing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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"Chongqing" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 重庆 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 重慶 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Chungking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Doubled Celebration" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Administratively, it is one of the four municipalities under the direct administration of the Central People's Government (the other three are Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin), and the only such municipality located deep inland. It is therefore not administratively part of Sichuan province.
The municipality of Chongqing, roughly the size of Austria or the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, includes the city of Chongqing as well as various discontiguous cities. Due to a classification technicality, Chongqing municipality can claim to be the largest city proper in the world—though it does not have the world's largest urban area. Chongqing is the only city in China with a permanent population of over 30 million, however this number includes a large rural population. As of 2022, Chongqing is the largest Chinese city by urban population, with a population of 22.80 million. According to the 2010 census, Chongqing is the most populous Chinese municipality, and also the largest direct-controlled municipality in China, containing 26 districts, eight counties, and four autonomous counties.
During the Republic of China (ROC) era, Chongqing served as its wartime capital during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). The current municipality was separated from Sichuan province on 14 March 1997 to help develop the central and western parts of China. As one of China's National Central Cities, it serves as a financial center of the Sichuan Basin and the upstream Yangtze and is a major manufacturing and transportation center. Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport, a major aviation hub serving Chongqing metropolitan areas and Western China, is one of the top 50 busiest airports in the world,and the second busiest airport in China. The city's monorail system is the world's longest and busiest monorail system with the greatest number of stations (70). Chongqing is ranked as a Beta (global second-tier) city. Chongqing is also the headquarters of the Changan Automobile, one of the "Big Four" car manufacturers of China, and hosts more than 10 foreign consulates, making it the fifth major city to host more foreign representatives than any other city in China after Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu.
Chongqing is one of the top 40 cities in the world by scientific research outputs as tracked by the Nature Index, and home to several notable universities, including Chongqing University, Southwest University, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing Normal University, Sichuan International Studies University, Sichuan Fine Arts Institute and Chongqing University of Technology.