Chloroethane
Chloroethane, commonly known as ethyl chloride, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3CH2Cl, once widely used in producing tetraethyllead, a gasoline additive. It is a colorless, flammable gas or refrigerated liquid with a faintly sweet odor.
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Chloroethane | |||
| Other names
Ethyl chloride, Monochloroethane, Chlorene, Muriatic ether, EtCl, UN 1037, Hydrochloric Ether, Chelen, Kelene | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.755 | ||
| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| C2H5Cl | |||
| Molar mass | 64.51 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | Pungent, ethereal | ||
| Density | 0.921 g/cm3 (0-4 °C) 0.8898 g/cm3 (25 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −138.7 °C (−217.7 °F; 134.5 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 12.27 °C (54.09 °F; 285.42 K) decomposes at 510 °C | ||
| 0.447 g/100 mL (0 °C) 0.574 g/100 mL (20 °C) | |||
| Solubility | Soluble in alcohol, ether | ||
| Solubility in ethanol | 48.3 g/100 g (21 °C) | ||
| Vapor pressure | 8.4 kPa (-40 °C) 62.3 kPa (0 °C) 134.6 kPa (20 °C) | ||
Henry's law constant (kH) |
11.1 L·atm/mol (24 °C) | ||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.3676 (20 °C) 1.001 (25 °C) | ||
| Viscosity | 0.279 cP (10 °C) | ||
| Structure | |||
| 2.06 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
104.3 J/mol·K | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
275.7 J/mol·K | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
-137 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
-59.3 kJ/mol | ||
| Pharmacology | |||
| N01BX01 (WHO) | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
Flammable | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H220, H280, H351, H412 | |||
| P210, P273, P281, P410+P403 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −43 °C (−45 °F; 230 K) open cup −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K) closed cup | ||
| 494 to 519 °C (921 to 966 °F; 767 to 792 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 3.8%-15.4% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LC50 (median concentration) |
59,701 ppm (rat, 2 hr) 54,478 ppm (mouse, 2 hr) | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
40,000 ppm (guinea pig, 45 min) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) | ||
REL (Recommended) |
Handle with caution in the workplace. | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
3800 ppm | ||
| Legal status |
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| Related compounds | |||
Related haloalkanes |
1,1-dichloroethane 1,2-dichloroethane | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
Ethyl chloride was first synthesised by Basil Valentine by reacting ethanol and hydrochloric acid in 1440. Glauber made it in 1648 by reacting ethanol and zinc chloride.
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