Bosnian language
Bosnian (/ˈbɒzniən/ ⓘ; bosanski / босански, [bɔ̌sanskiː]), sometimes referred to as Bosniak language, is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language mainly used by ethnic Bosniaks. Bosnian is one of three such varieties considered official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, along with Croatian and Serbian. It is also an officially recognized minority language in Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Kosovo.
| Bosnian | |
|---|---|
| Bosniak | |
| bosanski / босански | |
| Pronunciation | [bɔ̌sanskiː] |
| Native to | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia), Sandžak (Serbia and Montenegro) and Kosovo |
| Ethnicity | Bosniaks |
Native speakers | 2.6 million (2020) |
| Latin (Gaj's alphabet) Cyrillic (Vuk's alphabet) Yugoslav Braille Formerly: Arabic (Arebica) Bosnian Cyrillic (Bosančica) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Bosnia and Herzegovina (co-official) Montenegro (co-official) |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | bs |
| ISO 639-2 | bos |
| ISO 639-3 | bos |
| Glottolog | bosn1245 |
| Linguasphere | part of 53-AAA-g |
Countries where Bosnian is a co-official language (dark green) or a recognised minority language (light green) | |
Bosnian is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
| South Slavic languages and dialects |
|---|
Bosnian uses both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, with Latin in everyday use. It is notable among the varieties of Serbo-Croatian for a number of Arabic, Persian and Ottoman Turkish loanwords, largely due to the language's interaction with those cultures through Islamic ties.
Bosnian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Serbian and Montenegrin varieties. Therefore, the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins was issued in 2017 in Sarajevo. Until the 1990s, the common language was called Serbo-Croatian and that term is still used in English, along with "Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian" (BCMS), especially in diplomatic circles.