Ethanol
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| Names | |||
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| Pronunciation | /ˈɛθənɒl/ | ||
| Preferred IUPAC name
Ethanol | |||
Other names
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 3DMet | |||
| 1718733 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| DrugBank | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.526 | ||
| 787 | |||
| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | UN 1170 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| C2H6O | |||
| Molar mass | 46.069 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
| Odor | wine-like, pungent | ||
| Density | 0.78945 g/cm3 (at 20 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −114.14 ± 0.03 °C (−173.45 ± 0.05 °F; 159.01 ± 0.03 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 78.23 ± 0.09 °C (172.81 ± 0.16 °F; 351.38 ± 0.09 K) | ||
| Miscible | |||
| log P | −0.18 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 5.95 kPa (at 20 °C) | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | 15.9 (H2O), 29.8 (DMSO) | ||
| −33.60·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.3611 | ||
| Viscosity | 1.2 mPa·s (at 20 °C), 1.074 mPa·s (at 25 °C) | ||
| 1.69 D | |||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H225, H319 | |||
| P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P305+P351+P338 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | 14 °C (Absolute) | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
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| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m3) | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m3) | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
3300 ppm | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | |||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds |
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| Supplementary data page | |||
| Ethanol (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CH2OH. It is an alcohol, with its formula also written as C2H5OH, C2H6O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive recreational drug, and the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks.
Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation process of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. Historically it was used as a general anesthetic, and has modern medical applications as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some medications, and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock. As of 2006, world production of ethanol was 51 gigalitres (1.3×1010 US gallons), coming mostly from Brazil and the U.S.