Annan (Tang protectorate)
Annan (Chinese: 安南; pinyin: Ānnán; Vietnamese: An Nam) was an imperial protectorate and the southernmost administrative division of the Tang dynasty and Wu Zhou dynasty of China from 679 to 866, located in modern-day Vietnam. An Nam, simplified to "Annam", is the Vietnamese form of the Chinese name Annan, which means "the Pacified South" or "to pacify the South", a clipped form of the full name, the "Protectorate General to Pacify the South" (Chinese: 安南都護府; pinyin: Ānnán Dūhùfǔ; Vietnamese: An Nam đô hộ phủ).
Protectorate General to Pacify the South 安南都護府 (Ānnán Dūhùfǔ) | |||||||||
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| 679–866 | |||||||||
Map of the six major protectorates during the Tang dynasty. The Protectorate General to Pacify the South is marked as Annan (安南都护府). | |||||||||
| Status | Imperial protectorate of the Tang dynasty and Wu Zhou dynasty | ||||||||
| Capital | Songping (La Thành, and later Đại La) | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Religion | Mahayana Buddhism, Taoism, Animism | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Emperor of the Tang dynasty | |||||||||
• 649–683 | Emperor Gaozong of Tang | ||||||||
• 859–873 | Emperor Yizong of Tang (Last) | ||||||||
| Duhu (Protectorate-governor) | |||||||||
• 684–687 | Liu Yanyou | ||||||||
• 862–863 (last) | Cai Xi | ||||||||
| Historical era | Early Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Established | 679 | ||||||||
• Lý Tự Tiên's rebellion | 687 | ||||||||
• Mai Thúc Loan's rebellion | 722 | ||||||||
• Nanzhao invasions | 864–866 | ||||||||
• To Jinghai circuit | 866 | ||||||||
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| Annan | |||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 安南都護府 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 安南都护府 | ||||||||
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| Vietnamese name | |||||||||
| Vietnamese alphabet | An Nam đô hộ phủ | ||||||||
| Chữ Hán | 安南都護府 | ||||||||
| History of Vietnam (by names of Vietnam) |
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In 679, the Annan Protectorate replaced the Jiaozhou Protectorate (Chinese: 交州; pinyin: Jiāozhōu) (Chinese: 交趾; pinyin: Jiāozhǐ; Vietnamese: Giao Chỉ), also known as Jiaozhi, with its seat situated in Songping County (宋平縣) (modern Hanoi). Annan was renamed to Zhennan for a brief period from 757 to 760 before reverting to Annan.
After coming under attack by Nanzhao in 864, the Annan Protectorate was renamed Jinghai Military Command upon its reconquest by Gao Pian in 866. Today the same area is sometimes known as Tonkin (Chinese: 東京; pinyin: Dōngjīng; Vietnamese: Đông Kinh), the "eastern capital" of Đại Việt. Locally, the area is known as Bắc Kỳ (北圻), the "northern area".