Adrafinil

Adrafinil, sold under the brand name Olmifon, is a wakefulness-promoting medication that was formerly used in France to improve alertness, attention, wakefulness, and mood, particularly in the elderly. It was also used off-label by individuals who wished to avoid fatigue, such as night workers or others who needed to stay awake and alert for long periods of time. Additionally, the medication has been used non-medically as a novel vigilance-promoting agent.

Adrafinil
Clinical data
Trade namesOlmifon
Other namesCRL-40028
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • US: Unapproved "New Drug" (as defined by 21 U.S. Code § 321(p)(1)). Use in dietary supplements, food, or medicine is unlawful; otherwise uncontrolled.
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability80%
Metabolism75% (liver)
MetabolitesModafinil
Elimination half-life1 hour (T1/2 is 12–15 hours for modafinil)
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (±)-2-Benzhydrylsulfinylethanehydroxamic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.058.440
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC15H15NO3S
Molar mass289.35 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=S(C(c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2)CC(=O)NO
  • InChI=1S/C15H15NO3S/c17-14(16-18)11-20(19)15(12-7-3-1-4-8-12)13-9-5-2-6-10-13/h1-10,15,18H,11H2,(H,16,17) Y
  • Key:CGNMLOKEMNBUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Adrafinil is a prodrug; it is primarily metabolized in vivo to modafinil, resulting in very similar pharmacological effects. Unlike modafinil, however, it takes time for the metabolite to accumulate to active levels in the bloodstream. Effects usually are apparent within 45–60 minutes when taken orally on an empty stomach.

Adrafinil was marketed in France until September 2011 when it was voluntarily discontinued due to an unfavorable risk–benefit ratio.

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