Oracle Spatial is an extension to Oracle DB which provides support for location data.
Oracle Spatial defines a new data type SDO_GEOMETRY which can store multi-dimensional geometry data. There is a new index type for this column which is required for almost all of new operations.
There are several new operators which operate on the spatial data.
SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE
This function determines if two geometries are within a given distance.
SDO_NN
This function finds geometries within a specified distance.
SDO_RELATE
This function determines what geometric relationship two geometries have. Some examples of relationships are: Disjoint, Overlapping, and Touching.