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Questions tagged [http-1.1]

HTTP 1.1 is the latest version of the http protocol. It includes more stringent requirements than HTTP/1.0 in order to ensure reliable implementation of its features.

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol () is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP has been in use by the World-Wide Web global information initiative since 1990.

HTTP/1.0 does not sufficiently take into consideration the effects of hierarchical proxies, caching, the need for persistent connections, or virtual hosts. In addition, the proliferation of incompletely-implemented applications calling themselves "HTTP/1.0" has necessitated a protocol version change in order for two communicating applications to determine each other's true capabilities.

The new version of the protocol (HTTP 1.1) includes more stringent requirements than HTTP/1.0 in order to ensure reliable implementation of its features.

Here are some of the new features introduced with HTTP 1.1:

  • Host field: HTTP 1.1 has a required Host header by spec.
  • Persistent connections: HTTP 1.1 also allows you to have persistent connections which means that you can have more than one request/response on the same HTTP connection.
  • OPTIONS method: HTTP/1.1 introduces the OPTIONS method. An HTTP client can use this method to determine the abilities of the HTTP server. It's mostly used for Cross Origin Resource Sharing in web applications.
  • Caching: HTTP 1.1 expands on the caching support a lot by using something called 'entity tag'. If 2 resources are the same, then they will have the same entity tags.
  • HTTP 1.1 also adds the If-Unmodified-Since, If-Match, If-None-Match conditional headers.
  • 100 Continue status: there is a new return code in HTTP/1.1 100 Continue. This is to prevent a client from sending a large request when that client is not even sure if the server can process the request, or is authorized to process the request. In this case the client sends only the headers, and the server will tell the client 100 Continue, go ahead with the body.
  • Digest authentication and proxy authentication
  • Extra new status codes
  • Chunked transfer encoding
  • Connection header
  • Enhanced compression support

Resources:

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incorrect http protocol shown by chrome developer tools?

I am checking the http protcol in use for this site http://www.dlf.in/ Chrome developer tools shows it to be http/1.1 as in the image below. However the command line tool is-http2 or alpn in python as seems to indicate the http/1.1 is not available.…
Bunny Rabbit
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Java Socket Programming - 301 Error with HTTP 1.1

I just start learning socket programming with Java and I already encountered an unusual behavior. Here's the code snippet writer.println("GET " + path + " " + protocol); //writer.println(); writer.println("Host: " +…
hvuong91
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Does Paypal security upgrades affects subscription button?

I have a webpage with a subscription button, on user's click it redirects to paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr. I change the business input to my business sandbox account and change endpoint to sandbox.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr. My sandbox buyer account…
Luis Salazar
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What's the most appropriate HTTP status code to return when a client specifies HTTP/1.0 in a websocket opening handshake?

According to the WebSocket RFC (RFC6455#section-4.2.1): If the server, while reading the handshake, finds that the client did not send a handshake that matches the description below [...], the server MUST stop processing the client's handshake and…
Will
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Proxy Upgraded HTTP1.1 (https://IP1:443 to http://IP2:8080) using Apache 2

I'm trying to make a SSL proxy using Apache 2 that listens on port 443 and forwards the requests on different IPs/ports based on context: Scenario: Make a jBoss "https-remoting" request (it uses HTTP1.1 Upgraded to "jboss-remoting" in Wildfly 8.2),…
Andrei Matei
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WSO2 ESB Proxy service call Backend service endpoint(WCF)(Big IP) have error 403/404

I create WSO2 ESB Proxy service for back end service. I can success call my DEV WCF service endpoint which hosted in DEV server and the endpoint is the DEV server name. But i use same way to call the test environment endpoint, test endpoint is a Big…
zizifn
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Web hosting with HTTP/1.1 Protocol GET

I am on an Arduino project with ESP8266 Wifi module. I have been successful so far in getting 200 OK response from www.google.com/#q=random+search I was also successful at getting 200 OK response from the GET / HTTP/1.1 Host:…
Nhan Le
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how tcp communicate for HTTP 1.1

I am exploring HTTP 1.1 persistent connection over single TCP socket for multiple HTTP request from client side. One thing I observed in wireshark is that, after each request-response my client sends an ACK to server. Is this ACK message call right…
sam18
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biograph.be We're sorry, but something went wrong

I am pharmacist and i need this site working, but i don't know to do. Maybe it is from server, maybe from me. I am lame with this (html-things). I go to this site: biograph.be and everything is ok to this point, but if i want to search anything for…
Kamil Kas
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Remove transfer encoding in Http Request

I am sending one SOAP request. It uses the encoding type as Trasfer-encoding chunked. The request is not sent properly. I think some issue with content encoding. Empty Request is sent. I am getting 500 error from server. "Content-Type: text/xml;…
Patan
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Can all the servers use HTTP1.1 already

I wanted to know if all the servers could already communicate with HTTP1.1. And what happens if one of the two servers does not support HTTP1.1 and the other tries to communicate with this protocol ? Thanks for your explanations :)
Thoma Biguères
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Header issues if page length exceeds certain size

This is regarding the website http://zumbl.com. We realized today that the pages are not being served at some places. On doing some experiments, we further realized that the pages with small output size are being displayed ok, but if we increase the…
w2lame
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http 1.1 persistent connection

Http 1.1 uses persistent connections as it has advantage of sending multiple http request using same connection. My concern is with the below guideline: You must call the Close method to close the stream and release the connection. Failure to do so…
user1855287
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Is it mandatorty to keep the connection-alive property when we use chunked property?

My client sets the following headers: Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: Keep-Alive When I retrieve responses I receive a Transfer-Encoding: chunked header but no Connection: Keep-Alive header. For this reason I believe I may only be receiving…
Ratha
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Does CometD long polling use a persistent connection?

I've not been able to find a clear answer as to whether or not CometD's long polling mechanism uses a persistent connection, or disconnects and then reconnects after a message is pushed to it. The reason this is important to me is that I am…
joshv
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