As you said videoinput has been merged in OpenCV since 2.3rc.
Looking at the relevant source videoinput appears to be in highgui as the OpenCV changelog specifies. Though whether your OpenCV is built with it enabled is a configurable option in Cmake (The option is WITH_VIDEOINPUT
and also requires it be a WIN32 build, see here).
OpenCV calls listdevices internally as VI.listDevices()
in the implementation of CvCaptureCAM_DShow::open
and the videoInput Class is a protected member of CvCaptureCAM_DShow.
You can get access listdevices function using
CvCapture* capture = cvCaptureFromCAM( CV_CAP_DSHOW );
capture->VI.listDevices();