I have a problem where I am fitting a high-order polynomial to (not very) noisy data using linear least squares. Currently I'm using polynomial orders around 15 - 25, which work surprisingly well: The dependence is very nearly linear, but the accuracy of modelling the 'very nearly' is critical. I'm using Matlab's polyfit() function, and (obviously) normalising the x-data. This generally works fine, but I have come across an issue with some recent datasets. The fitted polynomial has extrema within the x-data interval. For the application I'm working on this is a non-no. The polynomial model must have no stationary points over the x-interval.
So I need to add a constraint to the least-squares problem: the derivative of the fitted polynomial must be strictly positive over a known x-range (or strictly negative - this depends on the data but a simple linear fit will quickly tell me which it is.) I have had a quick look at the available optimisation toolbox functions, but I admit I'm at a loss to know how to go about this. Does anyone have any suggestions?
[I appreciate there are probably better models than polynomials for this data, but in the short term it isn't feasible to change the form of the model]
[A closing note: I have finally got the go-ahead to replace this awful polynomial model! I am going to adopt a nonparametric approach, spline smoothing, using the excellent SPLINEFIT code by Jonas Lundgren. This has the advantage that I'm already using a spline model in the end-user application, so I already have C# code available to evaluate a spline model]