I'm not sure how Ruby bindings work to GDAL, but OSR (part of GDAL) can extract either the projection WKT (text) or the SRID (integer).
See this gis.SE answer for a solution with Python/GDAL/OSR.
Update: It turns out the Ruby bindings work nicely as expected. To get you going, try this code:
require 'gdal/osr'
prj_fname = 'myfile.prj'
prj = File.open( prj_fname )
# Import the WKT from the PRJ file
srs = Gdal::Osr::SpatialReference.new()
srs.import_from_wkt( prj.read )
# Various exports
puts srs.export_to_wkt
srs.auto_identify_epsg
puts srs.get_authority_name(nil)
puts srs.get_authority_code(nil)
If you need some other aspect of the projection, explore the available public methods:
srs.public_methods.sort