What options in async-profiler should I use when I want to analyze offheap leaks?

Question

I'd like to figure out the cause of native memory leak (off-heap).

I came across a tool called async-profiler. But, i don't know which option i should use

Regarding of off-heap, -e option i know is as below.

• mmap
• malloc
• mprotect
• nativemem (known as experimental mode)

flame graph results were different in each option.

mmap option flame graph result

malloc option flame graph result

I don't know how to analyze about these results. What is the difference between each option?