Mixed effects models(MEM) can be nested or crossed. For crossed models specifically, how would the below R code look as a mathematical formula in an academic paper? There are multiple random and fixed effects.
M1 = lmer(Y ~ A + B + C + D + E + ( 1| FFF) + (1|GGG), data))
There is plenty of literature on Crossed MEM. It just doesnt show the R to mathematical formula write up. Nested MEM's do have lots of examples of code to paper but I am battling to understand if the nested and crossed have the same mathematical formulation in papers.
Thank you in advance!