OMLinkedListMetaFactory ClassCastException in a Tomcat Project on OpenSuse Server but not Locally

Question

I'm working with two projects: one is a webservice and the other contains the business logic. The webservice project has a dependency on the business logic project.

To run the project, I'm using Tomcat 9.0.65 and Java 11, with Maven for dependency management.

When I run the project in my local environment, everything works correctly. But when I generate the .war file and deploy it to a server running OpenSuse 12, I encounter the following error:

javax.servlet.ServletException: javax.servlet.ServletException: java.lang.ClassCastException: class org.apache.axiom.om.impl.llom.factory.OMLinkedListMetaFactory cannot be cast to class org.apache.axiom.om.OMMetaFactorySPI (org.apache.axiom.om.impl.llom.factory.OMLinkedListMetaFactory and org.apache.axiom.om.OMMetaFactorySPI are in unnamed module of loader org.apache.catalina.loader.ParallelWebappClassLoader @5b40ceb)
    org.apache.axis2.transport.http.AxisServlet.init(AxisServlet.java:462)
    org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:687)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:360)
    org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:399)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:890)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1789)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)
causa raíz

javax.servlet.ServletException: java.lang.ClassCastException: class org.apache.axiom.om.impl.llom.factory.OMLinkedListMetaFactory cannot be cast to class org.apache.axiom.om.OMMetaFactorySPI (org.apache.axiom.om.impl.llom.factory.OMLinkedListMetaFactory and org.apache.axiom.om.OMMetaFactorySPI are in unnamed module of loader org.apache.catalina.loader.ParallelWebappClassLoader @5b40ceb)
    org.apache.axis2.transport.http.AxisServlet.initConfigContext(AxisServlet.java:591)
    org.apache.axis2.transport.http.AxisServlet.init(AxisServlet.java:454)
    org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:687)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:360)
    org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:399)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:890)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1789)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)
causa raíz

java.lang.ClassCastException: class org.apache.axiom.om.impl.llom.factory.OMLinkedListMetaFactory cannot be cast to class org.apache.axiom.om.OMMetaFactorySPI (org.apache.axiom.om.impl.llom.factory.OMLinkedListMetaFactory and org.apache.axiom.om.OMMetaFactorySPI are in unnamed module of loader org.apache.catalina.loader.ParallelWebappClassLoader @5b40ceb)
    org.apache.axiom.om.OMXMLBuilderFactory.createOMBuilder(OMXMLBuilderFactory.java:165)
    org.apache.axiom.om.OMXMLBuilderFactory.createOMBuilder(OMXMLBuilderFactory.java:145)
    org.apache.axiom.om.OMXMLBuilderFactory.createOMBuilder(OMXMLBuilderFactory.java:116)
    org.apache.axis2.util.XMLUtils.toOM(XMLUtils.java:590)
    org.apache.axis2.util.XMLUtils.toOM(XMLUtils.java:575)
    org.apache.axis2.deployment.DescriptionBuilder.buildOM(DescriptionBuilder.java:97)
    org.apache.axis2.deployment.AxisConfigBuilder.populateConfig(AxisConfigBuilder.java:90)
    org.apache.axis2.deployment.DeploymentEngine.populateAxisConfiguration(DeploymentEngine.java:857)
    org.apache.axis2.deployment.WarBasedAxisConfigurator.<init>(WarBasedAxisConfigurator.java:156)
    org.apache.axis2.transport.http.AxisServlet.initConfigContext(AxisServlet.java:584)
    org.apache.axis2.transport.http.AxisServlet.init(AxisServlet.java:454)
    org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:687)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:360)
    org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:399)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:890)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1789)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)

The error seems to be related to the Apache Axiom class. When I check the libraries of the project deployed on the server, I see that the Axiom libraries are duplicated. This is because the webservice is using Axiom version 1.2.13, and the business logic project is using version 1.4.0. When I manually delete the 1.4.0 library, the project works on the server.

I've tried to exclude this library in my local environment, but doing so throws many errors. I also tried using the same version of Axiom (both 1.2.13 and 1.4.0) in both projects, but it doesn't work in my local environment due to incompatibility issues with the apache-axis version.

Could this be a problem with how Tomcat handles dependencies in Linux? Is there something else I might be overlooking? Any guidance would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks in advance.

What's the content of the `WEB-INF/lib` folder inside the WAR file, and what's the output of `mvn dependency:tree`? — Andreas Veithen, Jul 17 '23 at 22:03
It is possible to make separated jar files for each module and then make the ultimate war file. This way you will be able to have different dependencies for each module. — Vahid Haratian, Jul 25 '23 at 07:58

score 0 · Accepted Answer · answered Jul 19 '23 at 06:43

I was finally able to solve my problem, which was being affected by three key factors.

Axis2 and Axiom Versions: I had to revert back to older versions of axis2 and axiom to avoid conflicts. The versions that finally worked for me are as follows:
```
<axiom.version>1.2.13</axiom.version>
<axis2.version>1.6.2</axis2.version>
```
Library Load Order: The order in which libraries were loading in my project was also affecting things. Be sure to check and adjust this as needed in your own project.

JDK 11 Incompatibilities: I also ran into an issue where javax.xml.stream was accessible by more than one module. To fix this, I had to exclude the following libraries from my dependencies:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.ws.commons.axiom</groupId>
    <artifactId>axiom-api</artifactId>
    <version>${axiom.version}</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.apache.james</groupId>
            <artifactId>apache-mime4j-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
            <artifactId>
                geronimo-activation_1.1_spec
            </artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
            <artifactId>geronimo-stax-api_1.0_spec</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.ws.commons.axiom</groupId>
    <artifactId>axiom-impl</artifactId>
    <version>${axiom.version}</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
            <artifactId>
                geronimo-activation_1.1_spec
            </artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
            <artifactId>geronimo-stax-api_1.0_spec</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.ws.commons.axiom</groupId>
    <artifactId>axiom-dom</artifactId>
    <version>${axiom.version}</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
            <artifactId>
                geronimo-activation_1.1_spec
            </artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.axis2</groupId>
    <artifactId>axis2-adb</artifactId>
    <version>${axis2.version}</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
            <artifactId>
                geronimo-activation_1.1_spec
            </artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

I hope this information can help someone else facing similar issues. Thanks to everyone for the help provided.

OMLinkedListMetaFactory ClassCastException in a Tomcat Project on OpenSuse Server but not Locally

1 Answers1