Is there a place where I can see information on why the function-app didn't run?
In the Storage Account, you can see the logs of the Functions in your Function App.
As you are saying that one of the Function Triggers is not working/triggered, check the log files located in the File Shares of the storage account associated with your Function App.
Check the below file path for the Function Invocations (Ids and Results):
- Go to the Storage Account (linked with your Function App)
- File Share named with your Function App > Click on "Browse" option > Log Files > Application > Functions > Your Function Name > Download the Log File and Open it >

You can check the above path for the past and present logs stored for diagnosis if you didn't specify any retention period for the Azure File Shares.
For details about Retention Period, Soft Delete on Azure File shares, visit this MS Doc1 & Doc2.