DDL in NebulaGraph(for now 3.3.0) was designed to be async, and normally we(in the worst-case scenario) need to wait for 2 heartbeats to expect schema change to be fanout to all parties.
Changing the heartbeat into a too-short interval may risk too much overhead of the network yet service status is too sensitive on network flappings.
While I would say a heartbeat value in 1(sec): heartbeat_interval_secs=1
is generally acceptable, you could go with that and observe the cluster for a while to see if things go well enough in your network environment, spec, and traffic pattern, which could vary.
If possible, before NebulaGraph introduces the sync DDL, I would suggest in the application layer to implement an optimistic exponential backoff DML prob after any related DDL, where initial sleep time is around 2 heartbeat intervals and when the initial DML failed, just do the retry then.