I am new to Verilog, and trying to write a traffic light code where the LED light changes after certain time. I'm keep getting on different errors while compiling. I tried to fix them by changing the arrangement, or variables in the code, but it still fails.
This is the code I wrote,
module traffic_light(clk, reset, G1, Y1, R1, G2, Y2, R2);
input clk, reset;
output reg G1, Y1, R1, G2, Y2, R2;
// parameters for each light control
parameter GREEN = 3'b001,
YELLOW = 3'b010,
RED = 3'b100,
LEFT_GREEN = 3'b101, // assume both red and green will be turned on
LEFT_YELLOW = 3'b110; // assume both red and yellow will be turned on
// finite-state definition (Moore Type):
// ---------------------------
// NSlight EWlight
// ---------------------------
parameter S0 = 3'd0, // GREEN RED
S1 = 3'd1, // YELLOW RED
S2 = 3'd2, // RED, GREEN RED
S3 = 3'd3, // RED, YELLOW RED
S4 = 3'd4, // RED GREEN
S5 = 3'd5, // RED YELLOW
S6 = 3'd6, // RED RED, GREEN
S7 = 3'd7; // RED RED, YELLOW
// internal state variables
reg [2:0] state, next_state;
integer t1 = 19, t2 = 4;
integer count;
// buttons are appropriate for use as clock or reset inputs in a circuit
always @(posedge clk, negedge reset)
if(reset == 'b0) // button pressed, when reset is active low
begin
next_state = S0;
count = t1;
end
else
state <= next_state;
always @(next_state)
begin
next_state = S0;
count = t1;
case(state)
S0:
if (count < 0) // load: if the count reaches below 0, reset
begin
count <= t2;
next_state <= S1;
end
else // enable
begin
// down count
count <= count - 1;
// assign LEDs
G1 <= 1;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 0;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 1;
end
S1:
if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t1;
next_state <= S2;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 1;
R1 <= 0;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 1;
count <= count - 1;
end
S2:
if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t2;
next_state <= S3;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 1;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 1;
count <= count - 1;
end
S3:
if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t1;
next_state <= S4;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 1;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 1;
count <= count - 1;
end
S4:
if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t1;
next_state <= S5;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 1;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 0;
count <= count - 1;
end
S5:
if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t1;
next_state <= S6;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 1;
R2 <= 0;
count <= count - 1;
end
S6:
if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t2;
next_state <= S7;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 1;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 1;
count <= count - 1;
end
S7:
if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t1;
next_state <= S0;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 1;
R2 <= 1;
count <= count - 1;
end
endcase
end
endmodule
and these are the errors generated from the above code:
Error (10028): Can't resolve multiple constant drivers for net "next_state.S0" at traffic_light.v(41)
Error (10029): Constant driver at traffic_light.v(32)
Error (10028): Can't resolve multiple constant drivers for net "next_state.S1" at traffic_light.v(41)
Error (10028): Can't resolve multiple constant drivers for net "next_state.S2" at traffic_light.v(41)
Error (10028): Can't resolve multiple constant drivers for net "next_state.S3" at traffic_light.v(41)
Error (10028): Can't resolve multiple constant drivers for net "next_state.S6" at traffic_light.v(41)
Error (10028): Can't resolve multiple constant drivers for net "next_state.S7" at traffic_light.v(41)
Error (12152): Can't elaborate user hierarchy "traffic_light:inst"
Hope I can get any suggestions or solutions to this problem. Thank you in advance.
I solved the problem after few more searching.
Error (10028): Can't resolve multiple constant drivers for net... VHDL ERROR
"Multiple Constant Drivers" Error Verilog with Quartus Prime
These two links helped solving, the problem is that you cannot assign one variable in two different always block. The below code is the fixed one.
module traffic_light(clk, reset, G1, Y1, R1, G2, Y2, R2, time_);
input clk, reset;
output reg G1, Y1, R1, G2, Y2, R2;
output reg [4:0] time_; // added, it displays the remaining time
// parameters for each light control
parameter GREEN = 3'b001,
YELLOW = 3'b010,
RED = 3'b100,
LEFT_GREEN = 3'b101, // assume both red and green will be turned on
LEFT_YELLOW = 3'b110; // assume both red and yellow will be turned on
// finite-state definition (Moore Type):
// ---------------------------
// NSlight EWlight
// ---------------------------
parameter S0 = 3'd0, // GREEN RED
S1 = 3'd1, // YELLOW RED
S2 = 3'd2, // RED, GREEN RED
S3 = 3'd3, // RED, YELLOW RED
S4 = 3'd4, // RED GREEN
S5 = 3'd5, // RED YELLOW
S6 = 3'd6, // RED RED, GREEN
S7 = 3'd7; // RED RED, YELLOW
// internal state variables and time settings
reg [2:0] state, next_state;
integer t1 = 19, t2 = 4;
reg count; // changed to count only
always @(posedge clk)
if(reset == 0) // button pressed, when reset is active low
begin
state <= S0;
time_ <= t1;
end
else
begin
state <= next_state;
time_ <= count;
end
always @(*) // changed according to advice in the comment
case(state)
S0: if (count < 0) // load: if the count reaches below 0, reset
begin
count <= t2;
next_state <= S1;
end
else // enable
begin
// down count
count <= count - 1;
// assign LEDs
G1 <= 1;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 0;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 1;
end
S1: if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t1;
next_state <= S2;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 1;
R1 <= 0;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 1;
count <= count - 1;
end
S2: if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t2;
next_state <= S3;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 1;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 1;
count <= count - 1;
end
S3: if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t1;
next_state <= S4;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 1;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 1;
count <= count - 1;
end
S4: if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t2;
next_state <= S5;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 1;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 0;
count <= count - 1;
end
S5: if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t1;
next_state <= S6;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 1;
R2 <= 0;
count <= count - 1;
end
S6: if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t2;
next_state <= S7;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 1;
Y2 <= 0;
R2 <= 1;
count <= count - 1;
end
S7: if (count < 0)
begin
count <= t1;
next_state <= S0;
end
else
begin
G1 <= 0;
Y1 <= 0;
R1 <= 1;
G2 <= 0;
Y2 <= 1;
R2 <= 1;
count <= count - 1;
end
default:
begin
next_state <= S0;
count <= t1;
end
endcase
endmodule
