SpringBoot multiple datasources Junit test fails with H2

Question

I have a springboot project which requests data from 2 datasources (2 MariaDB SQL databases) and I have successfully implemented it by creating 2 configuration classes for each DB and their respective Beans. My DB used by default is the User DB (@Primary annotation used in its config class). I want to test my user repository layer by using an H2 database and for that, I have created a configuration class for this datasource and declared the datasource properties in my application-test.properties file.

The problem is when I run my tests, I have a BeanDefinitionOverrideException saying that there's a collision of my bean names for my 1th DB and H2 DB (a bean with this name already exist...) since they use the same JPA repository package.

How can I use H2 database for my tests and tell Spring to not load the beans for my 2 MariaDB datasources ?

**Configuration of the 1th DB : **

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(
    basePackages = "com.baeldung.multipledb.dao.user", 
    entityManagerFactoryRef = "userEntityManager", 
    transactionManagerRef = "userTransactionManager"
)
public class PersistenceUserConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private Environment env;
    
    @Bean
    @Primary
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean userEntityManager() {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean em
          = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        em.setDataSource(userDataSource());
        em.setPackagesToScan(
          new String[] { "com.baeldung.multipledb.model.user" });

        HibernateJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter
          = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
        em.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
        HashMap<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
        properties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto",
          env.getProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"));
        properties.put("hibernate.dialect",
          env.getProperty("hibernate.dialect"));
        em.setJpaPropertyMap(properties);

        return em;
    }

    @Primary
    @Bean
    public DataSource userDataSource() {
 
        DriverManagerDataSource dataSource
          = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(
          env.getProperty("jdbc.driverClassName"));
        dataSource.setUrl(env.getProperty("user.jdbc.url"));
        dataSource.setUsername(env.getProperty("jdbc.user"));
        dataSource.setPassword(env.getProperty("jdbc.pass"));

        return dataSource;
    }

    @Primary
    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager userTransactionManager() {
 
        JpaTransactionManager transactionManager
          = new JpaTransactionManager();
        transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(
          userEntityManager().getObject());
        return transactionManager;
    }
}

**Configuration of the 2nd DB : **

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(
    basePackages = "com.baeldung.multipledb.dao.product", 
    entityManagerFactoryRef = "productEntityManager", 
    transactionManagerRef = "productTransactionManager"
)
public class PersistenceProductConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private Environment env;
    
    @Bean
    @Primary
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean productEntityManager() {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean em
          = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        em.setDataSource(productDataSource());
        em.setPackagesToScan(
          new String[] { "com.baeldung.multipledb.model.product" });

        HibernateJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter
          = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
        em.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
        HashMap<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
        properties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto",
          env.getProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"));
        properties.put("hibernate.dialect",
          env.getProperty("hibernate.dialect"));
        em.setJpaPropertyMap(properties);

        return em;
    }

    @Primary
    @Bean
    public DataSource productDataSource() {
 
        DriverManagerDataSource dataSource
          = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(
          env.getProperty("jdbc.driverClassName"));
        dataSource.setUrl(env.getProperty("product.jdbc.url"));
        dataSource.setproductname(env.getProperty("jdbc.product"));
        dataSource.setPassword(env.getProperty("jdbc.pass"));

        return dataSource;
    }

    @Primary
    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager productTransactionManager() {
 
        JpaTransactionManager transactionManager
          = new JpaTransactionManager();
        transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(
          productEntityManager().getObject());
        return transactionManager;
    }
}
}

**Configuration of H2 DB for tests : **

@Profile("test")
@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(
    basePackages = "com.baeldung.multipledb.dao.user", 
    entityManagerFactoryRef = "h2EntityManager", 
    transactionManagerRef = "h2TransactionManager"
)
public class PersistenceH2Configuration {
    @Autowired
    private Environment env;
    
    @Bean
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean h2EntityManager() {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean em
          = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        em.setDataSource(h2DataSource());
        em.setPackagesToScan(
          new String[] { "com.baeldung.multipledb.model.user" });

        HibernateJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter
          = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
        em.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
        HashMap<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
        properties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto",
          env.getProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"));
        properties.put("hibernate.dialect",
          env.getProperty("hibernate.dialect"));
        em.setJpaPropertyMap(properties);

        return em;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource h2DataSource() {
 
        DriverManagerDataSource dataSource
          = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(
          env.getProperty("jdbc.driverClassName"));
        dataSource.setUrl(env.getProperty("h2.jdbc.url"));
        dataSource.setUsername(env.getProperty("jdbc.h2"));
        dataSource.setPassword(env.getProperty("jdbc.pass"));

        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager h2TransactionManager() {
 
        JpaTransactionManager transactionManager
          = new JpaTransactionManager();
        transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(
          h2EntityManager().getObject());
        return transactionManager;
    }

**My test class :
**

@ActiveProfile("test")
@SpringBootTest
@Transactional
@DirtiesContext(methodMode = MethodMode.AFTER_METHOD)
public class UserRepositoryTests {
     
     @Autowired
     @Qualifier("h2EntityManager")
     private EntityManger manager;

     @UserRepository
     private UserRepository userRepo;

     // my tests
}

I thought that by specifying a profile, it would work but my tests don't pass since it tries to use my user DB. 

I also tried setting the value in my application-test.properties but with no success.

spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true