just use loc to select the columns you need and rename the geography column for each of the three cases. you need them as three separate DF, per your question
df.loc[:,['geographical area','area deep indoor','pop deep indoor']].rename(columns={'geographical area': 'deep indoor'})
deep indoor area deep indoor pop deep indoor
0 A 1 2
1 B 7 8
2 C 13 14
df.loc[:,['geographical area','area indoor','area indoor']].rename(columns={'geographical area': 'indoor'})
indoor area indoor area indoor
0 A 3 3
1 B 9 9
2 C 15 15
df.loc[:,['geographical area','area incar','pop incar']].rename(columns={'geographical area': 'incar'})
incar area incar pop incar
0 A 5 6
1 B 11 12
2 C 17 18