Remote debugging is currently not available with Azure Container Apps. One workaround to this could be to view the log streams for your deployed Container Apps: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/container-apps/log-streaming?tabs=bash
You can use the AZ CLI to achieve this:
az containerapp logs show --name <container-app-name> --resource-group <rg-name> --tail
There are more parameters you can pass in, described in this doc: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/containerapp/logs?view=azure-cli-latest
The console logs will stream logs from your container console. The system logs will stream logs from the Container Apps service itself. This include Dapr logs such as components being created, updated or failed to be created. You can read more about the difference here: https://learn.microsoft.com/sr-Cyrl-RS/azure/container-apps/logging
This isn't the most elegant way of debugging (you'll probably have to leg checkpoints in the code to see where the code fails), but it's a workaround for now.