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We know that in OWL 2, ∃p.C denotes the class of individuals that have a value for the property p that is of type C.

When we write ∃r.∃s.C(a), what will be the best way to read this in plain English?

On a similar note, how do we read ∀r.∃s.C(a) that I can explain even to my grandmother?

Some real-life examples would be nice.

Please answer in detail analyzing each part.

Masroor
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  • verbalizing `∃r.∃s.C(a)` depends on the properties `r` and `s` - I mean, if those are noun phrases or verb phrase in English - but in general it's nothing more than a correlated sentence. And for more readability, tools sometimes also tend to make use of domain or range of those properties. – UninformedUser Sep 09 '22 at 08:09
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    If you have `∃worksFor.∃locatedIn.EuropeanCountry(John)` - then it could be phrased in a already condensed form as *"John works for something that is located in a European country"* - which could be refined e.g. when having a range `company` for `worksFor` to *"John works for some company that is located in a European country"* - note, technically `∃` means *at least one"* which means *"John works for at least one company"* - so in the end, it all depends on the domain and knowledge we or a tools has to verbalize those axioms – UninformedUser Sep 09 '22 at 08:11
  • @UninformedUser Excellent comment. Could you find some free time to convert it to a full answer? – Masroor Sep 10 '22 at 15:19

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