Yes, that's possible to do with CQL when using a MAP
collection.
To test this, I created a simple table using the specifications and data you mentioned above:
> CREATE TABLE stackoverflow.usermap (
id text PRIMARY KEY,
users map<text, text>);
> INSERT INTO usermap (id,users)
VALUES ('1a',{'Phone': '1234567899','City': 'Dublin'});
> SELECT * FROM usermap WHERE id='1a';
id | users
----+-------------------------------------------
1a | {'City': 'Dublin', 'Phone': '1234567899'}
(1 rows)
Then, I queried with the same WHERE
clause, but altering my SELECT
to pull back the user's phone only:
> SELECT users['Phone'] FROM usermap WHERE id='1a';
users['Phone']
----------------
1234567899
(1 rows)