fdt_addr_r gives the location of the fdt in RAM the image will be
loaded to and fdt_addr give the fdt's address in Flash.
The following image location variables contain the location of images
used in booting. The "Image" column gives the role of the image and is
not an environment variable name. The other columns are environment
variable names. "File Name" gives the name of the file on a TFTP
server, "RAM Address" gives the location in RAM the image will be
loaded to, and "Flash Location" gives the image's address in NOR
flash or offset in NAND flash.
*Note* - these variables don't have to be defined for all boards, some
boards currently use other variables for these purposes, and some
boards use these variables for other purposes.
Image File Name RAM Address Flash Location
----- --------- ----------- --------------
u-boot u-boot u-boot_addr_r u-boot_addr
Linux kernel bootfile kernel_addr_r kernel_addr
device tree blob fdtfile fdt_addr_r fdt_addr
ramdisk ramdiskfile ramdisk_addr_r ramdisk_addr
source: https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/blob/master/README#L3211
The FDT is prepared by the RPi first stage bootloader. The address of this FDT is stored in the variable ${fdt_addr}.
source: https://elinux.org/RPi_U-Boot#Booting_from_an_SD_card