I made some investigations. First of all, I installed ISRG Root X1 certificate from official site. It did not help.
Then I added my own HttpClientHandler.ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback. In Windows 7, where HttpClient.GetAsync call works, the certificate chain passed through parameter is correct:
globusenergo.ru -> R3 -> ISRG Root X1.
In Android chain contains obsolete DST Root CA X3 certificate: globusenergo.ru -> R3 -> ISRG Root X1 -> DST Root CA X3.
In addition, I tried different combinations of HttpClient and SSL/TLS implementations as described here. Did not help.
Most likely, this is Xamarin Mono issue. As far as I know, BoringSsl uses own certificate store.
So, if you are owner of site, you should update certificate. It must contain correct chain without reference to expired DST Root CA X3.
If you are developing an application and trust the site, you can avoid certificate validation with the following code:
httpClientHandler.ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback +=
(sender, cert, chain, sslPolicyErrors) => true;
Update
The problem is with HttpClientHandler class, not Xamarin Mono. I specified an instance of this class as a parameter in HttpClient constructor. If you use native AndroidClientHandler, the problem goes away.