16

I am using various stdlib functions like srand(), etc. I have the line

#include <stdlib.h>

at the top of my code.

I entered this on the command line:

# find / -name stdlib.h

find: `/home/dmurvihill/.gvfs: permission denied
/usr/include/stdlib.h
/usr/include/bits/stdlib.h

So, stdlib.h is clearly in /usr/include.

My preprocessor:

# gcc -print-prog-name=cc1

/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1

My preprocessor's default search path:

# /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1 -v

ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include
/usr/include
End of search list.

So, stdlib.h is clearly in /usr/include, which is most definitely supposed to be searched by my preprocessor, but I still get this error!

/path/to/cpa_sample_code_main.c:15:20: fatal error: stdlib.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated

Update

A program I wrote to test this code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/time.h>

int main()
{
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    printf("Getting time...\n");
    time_t seconds;
    time(&seconds);
    printf("Seeding generator...\n");
    srand((unsigned int)seconds);
    printf("Getting random number...\n");
    int value = rand();
    printf("It is %d!",value);
    printf("Goodbye, cruel world!");
    return 0;
}

The command

gcc -H -v -fsyntax-only stdlib_test.c

output

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,lto --enable-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --disable-dssi --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0/jre --enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-java-maintainer-mode --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libjava-multilib --with-ppl --with-cloog --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=i686 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4) (GCC) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-H' '-v' '-fsyntax-only' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1 -quiet -v -H /CRF_Verify/stdlib_test.c -quiet -dumpbase stdlib_test.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase stdlib_test -version -fsyntax-only -o /dev/null
GNU C (GCC) version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4) (x86_64-redhat-linux)
    compiled by GNU C version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4), GMP version 4.3.1, MPFR version 2.4.2, MPC version 0.8.1
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include
 /usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C (GCC) version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4) (x86_64-redhat-linux)
    compiled by GNU C version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4), GMP version 4.3.1, MPFR version 2.4.2, MPC version 0.8.1
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: ea394b69293dd698607206e8e43d607e
. /usr/include/stdio.h
.. /usr/include/features.h
... /usr/include/sys/cdefs.h
.... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
... /usr/include/gnu/stubs.h
.... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
.... /usr/include/gnu/stubs-64.h
.. /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h
.. /usr/include/bits/types.h
... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
... /usr/include/bits/typesizes.h
.. /usr/include/libio.h
... /usr/include/_G_config.h
.... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h
.... /usr/include/wchar.h
... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stdarg.h
.. /usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h
.. /usr/include/bits/sys_errlist.h
. /usr/include/stdlib.h
.. /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h
.. /usr/include/bits/waitflags.h
.. /usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h
... /usr/include/endian.h
.... /usr/include/bits/endian.h
.... /usr/include/bits/byteswap.h
..... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
.. /usr/include/sys/types.h
... /usr/include/time.h
... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h
... /usr/include/sys/select.h
.... /usr/include/bits/select.h
..... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
.... /usr/include/bits/sigset.h
.... /usr/include/time.h
.... /usr/include/bits/time.h
... /usr/include/sys/sysmacros.h
... /usr/include/bits/pthreadtypes.h
.... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
.. /usr/include/alloca.h
... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h
. /usr/include/linux/time.h
.. /usr/include/linux/types.h
... /usr/include/asm/types.h
.... /usr/include/asm-generic/types.h
..... /usr/include/asm-generic/int-ll64.h
...... /usr/include/asm/bitsperlong.h
....... /usr/include/asm-generic/bitsperlong.h
... /usr/include/linux/posix_types.h
.... /usr/include/linux/stddef.h
.... /usr/include/asm/posix_types.h
..... /usr/include/asm/posix_types_64.h
In file included from /CRF_Verify/stdlib_test.c:3:0:
/usr/include/linux/time.h:9:8: error: redefinition of ‘struct timespec’
/usr/include/time.h:120:8: note: originally defined here
/usr/include/linux/time.h:15:8: error: redefinition of ‘struct timeval’
/usr/include/bits/time.h:75:8: note: originally defined here
Multiple include guards may be useful for:
/usr/include/asm/posix_types.h
/usr/include/bits/byteswap.h
/usr/include/bits/endian.h
/usr/include/bits/select.h
/usr/include/bits/sigset.h
/usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h
/usr/include/bits/sys_errlist.h
/usr/include/bits/time.h
/usr/include/bits/typesizes.h
/usr/include/bits/waitflags.h
/usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h
/usr/include/gnu/stubs-64.h
/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h
/usr/include/wchar.h
Brian Tompsett - 汤莱恩
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Dolan Murvihill
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    Smells like either you are hardcoding search paths in your build tool, or it's a permission issue to me (Why can't you access .gvfs? Are you not the owner of all the files in your home folder??). Try using a tool like `strace` and recompile again, checking for file access errors. Grep the strace output for stdlib.h, make sure it's looking where you expect. – Josh Aug 01 '11 at 17:53
  • Recompile with `gcc -H -v -fsyntax-only /path/to/cpa_sample_code_main.c` and post the COMPLETE, UNEDITED output, please. – zwol Aug 01 '11 at 17:56
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    can you give us the compiler command you're using? For example, `gcc -g -o cpa_sample_code ...` – Jason Aug 01 '11 at 17:56
  • Hi all, I am root. The permissions line for .gvfs is: d?????????? which is very odd. The compiler command/output will take a while, as I am building using a very large, complicated makefile system that I was provided. I'll create a simple program that uses stdlib and try to compile that; if it works, I will start looking in the makefile. Will get back to you soon. Thanks, SO! – Dolan Murvihill Aug 01 '11 at 18:24
  • Hi Zack, The output is longer than 600 characters; I added it to the OP as an update. I'll also try doing this with the original file and get back to you soon. Also, I forgot to mention in my original question that this program is a kernel module. – Dolan Murvihill Aug 01 '11 at 18:44
  • Can you run make -n in the directory are compiling for your large project? I agree with Josh, it sounds like your project Makefile(s) is messing up the include paths. – Misha M Aug 01 '11 at 18:51
  • Hi Misha, I ran make -n, but I can't post it; the output is over 160,000 characters. I will try to find the relevant part. – Dolan Murvihill Aug 01 '11 at 19:08
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    @SirTasty, gvfs is a FUSE filesystem and can only be accessed by the UID that mounted it (not even root can view a FUSE mount from a different user if cross-uid access is disabled), so those errors are expected – bdonlan Aug 01 '11 at 19:12
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    What would be relevant, but isn't included in your question, is the options you're invoking `gcc` with. There's probably a stray `-I-` or `-nostdinc` in there. – Gilles 'SO- stop being evil' Aug 01 '11 at 19:58
  • Gilles brings up a good point. Maybe you can grep for -nostdinc in all your Makefiles. – Misha M Aug 01 '11 at 21:09
  • Hi all, A grep for -nostdinc did, indeed, turn up a lot, but not in any makefiles. They are cropping up in a bunch of hidden files ending with ".o.cmd" (the file names correspond to the names of actual object files I am trying to build). I have never seen this file type before. The file command says that all of these files are of type "ASCII text, with very long lines." Does anyone know what these are for? – Dolan Murvihill Aug 01 '11 at 22:41
  • IF YOU ARE FACING THE ERROR THAT "stdlib.h" NOT FOUND IN C++ THEN I HAVE A SIMPLE SOLUTION FOR YOU:- SOLUTION: remove the "stdlib.h" and include "cstdlib" in its place – Alexeon Sep 25 '20 at 16:22

3 Answers3

10

Your error appears to stem from including linux/time.h when also trying to include stdlib.h. linux/time.h is a kernel header and should only be used in kernel code. stdlib.h is a user-land function and should only be used in user programs. If you notice the error you get: 

/usr/include/linux/time.h:12: error: redefinition of 'struct timespec'
/usr/include/linux/time.h:18: error: redefinition of 'struct timeval'

you can see that you are getting an error related to this. As seen in your long trace, this is because stdlib.h is including time.h (the one in /usr/include, not /usr/include/linux). I imagine that this is the real cause of the error you see about not finding stdlib.h (although I cannot imagine the details of how the errors are occurring the way they are).

Dave
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    Bingo. I replaced srand with get_random_bytes() from linux/random.h, and it now works like a charm. I am new to kernel space programming, and I hadn't realized that ALL of the standard libraries were unavailable (which explains the -nostdinc tags). Thanks for all of the help, everyone! – Dolan Murvihill Aug 02 '11 at 21:16
1

For anyone who landed here trying to compile a C++ program with Cygwin on Windows, my problem was that I had both MingW and Cygwin. MingW was installed as part of the Cygwin setup. I used the setup.exe (let's call it package installer) from Cygwin and removed all instances of MingW. After that, my test application compiled properly.

Note: This solution is what worked for me. There are gazillion other reasons why you have the same error.

Shailen
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0

I've found another cause when using g++ v6.x, bug 70129. I triggered it when specifying -isystem (via CMake's SYSTEM keyword) for a Boost include directory - which ultimately included cstdlib.

cmannett85
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