I have written a small program to play PCM audio files using a reference from github with slight modifications for my application. The program is compiling fine, but I am having a few runtime issues regarding dependencies and ALSA devices.
The errors I am receiving are:
ERROR: Failed to load plugin /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ao/plugins-4/libsndio.so => dlopen() failed
ERROR: Failed to load plugin /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ao/plugins-4/libnas.so => dlopen() failed
ao_alsa WARNING: Unable to open surround playback. Trying default device...
ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:1089:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) unable to open slave
ao_alsa ERROR: Unable to open ALSA device 'default' for playback => No such file or directory
I have been researching many different solutions and none seem to be working, including adding a line to the alsa.conf file in /etc/modprobe.d (however, these solutions suggest adding a line in reference to intel when I am using an AMD setup.
Here is the full code:
/*
*
* ao_example.c
*
* Written by Stan Seibert - July 2001
*
* Legal Terms:
*
* This source file is released into the public domain. It is
* distributed without any warranty; without even the implied
* warranty * of merchantability or fitness for a particular
* purpose.
*
* Function:
*
* This program opens the default driver and plays a 440 Hz tone for
* one second.
*
* Compilation command line (for Linux systems):
*
* gcc -o ao_example ao_example.c -lao -ldl -lm -lsndfile
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ao/ao.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <sndfile.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 4096
static void clean(ao_device *device, SNDFILE *file){
ao_close(device);
sf_close(file);
ao_shutdown();
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
ao_device *device;
ao_sample_format format;
unsigned long count;
int default_driver;
short *buffer;
int buf_size;
int sample;
int i;
//FILE *fp;
SF_INFO sfinfo;
if (argc != 2){
printf("usage: %s <filename>\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
/* -- Initialize -- */
fprintf(stderr, "libao example program\n");
SNDFILE *fp = sf_open(argv[1], SFM_READ, &sfinfo);
// fp = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
if (fp == NULL){
printf("Cannot open %s.\n", argv[1]);
exit(1);
}
printf("samples: %d\n", sfinfo.frames);
printf("sample rate: %d\n", sfinfo.samplerate);
printf("Channels: %d\n", sfinfo.channels);
ao_initialize();
/* -- Setup for default driver -- */
default_driver = ao_default_driver_id();
switch(sfinfo.format & SF_FORMAT_SUBMASK){
case SF_FORMAT_PCM_16:
format.bits = 16;
break;
case SF_FORMAT_PCM_24:
format.bits = 24;
break;
case SF_FORMAT_PCM_32:
format.bits = 32;
break;
case SF_FORMAT_PCM_S8:
format.bits = 8;
break;
case SF_FORMAT_PCM_U8:
format.bits = 8;
break;
default:
format.bits = 24;
break;
}
format.channels = sfinfo.channels;
format.rate = sfinfo.samplerate;
format.byte_format = AO_FMT_LITTLE;
// format.byte_format = AO_FMT_NATIVE;
format.matrix = 0;
// memset(&format, 0, sizeof(format));
// format.bits = 24;
// format.channels = 16;
// format.rate = 48000;
// format.byte_format = AO_FMT_LITTLE;
/* -- Open driver -- */
device = ao_open_live(default_driver, &format, NULL /* no options */);
if (device == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error opening device.\n");
return 1;
}
// fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
// count = ftell(fp);
// fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
// // printf("count: %ld\n", count);
buffer = calloc(BUF_SIZE, sizeof(short));
while(1){
int read = sf_read_short(fp, buffer, BUF_SIZE);
if (ao_play(device, (char *) buffer, (uint_32)(read * sizeof(short))) == 0){
printf("ao_play: failed\n");
clean(device, fp);
break;
}
}
clean(device, fp);
return 0;
}
I hope someone else has had the same trouble and can shed light on the solution. Thank you.
