I'm glad you noticed security rules and App Check. These are important ways to protect your database from unauthorized access.
The information in your firebaseConfig variable on web, google-services.json and GoogleService-Info.plist is what Firebase SDKs use to locate resources and identify the app.
If you were to hide that information, others might still discover the database so it is important to set up rules carefully to prevent unauthorized use. The Firebase Security Checklist might help explain some of this, especially API keys for Firebase services are not secret.
If you intend your database to be used only by servers (i.e. no clients so you can keep your identifiers secret) you would still want to use rules to deny access to the public, and follow the guidance in Admin SDK Authentication.