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From kubernetes perspective it's possible to pass environment variables to containers running in pods. You'll need to specify them in your yaml file for pods.
Here is an example from kubernetes documentation:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: envar-demo
labels:
purpose: demonstrate-envars
spec:
containers:
- name: envar-demo-container
image: gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0
env:
- name: DEMO_GREETING
value: "Hello from the environment"
- name: DEMO_FAREWELL
value: "Such a sweet sorrow"
Please find k8s documentation on how to set it up - define environment variable for containers
Once you manage with this part, you should consider doing it securely. For this matter it's advise to use kubernetes secrets.
In this kubernetes documentation (Distribute Credentials Securely Using Secrets) you will find all steps and examples on how you can do it.
Keeping this in mind, there might be other solutions build-in in e2e ginkgo solution.