Cloud Functions is serverless and you can't manage the runtime environment. You don't know what is installed on the runtime environment of the Cloud Functions and your can't assume that GCLOUD exists.
The solution is to use cloud Run. the behavior is very close to Cloud Functions, simply wrap your function on a webserver (I wrote my first article on that) and, in your container, install what you want, especially GCLOUD SDK (you can also use a base image with GCLOUD SDK already installed). And this time you will be able to call system binaries, because you know that they exist because you installed them!
Anyway, be careful in your script execution: the container is immutable, you can't change file, the binaries, the stored files,... I don't know the content of your script but your aren't on a VM, you are still on serverless environment, with ephemeral runtime.