I have enabled Easy Auth for my app service :

You can find its client ID in advanced blade:

So we need to get an access token for this resource to call APIs, just try the code below(I assume you have enabled Managed identity for your function):
#r "Newtonsoft.Json"
using System.Net;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
public static async Task<IActionResult> Run(HttpRequest req, ILogger log)
{
log.LogInformation("C# HTTP trigger function processed a request.");
var endpoint = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("IDENTITY_ENDPOINT");
var identity_header = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("IDENTITY_HEADER");
//chnage your client ID value here.
var resource = "4df52c7e-3d6f-4865-a499-cebbb2f79d26";
var requestURL = endpoint + "?resource=" + resource + "&api-version=2019-08-01";
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("X-IDENTITY-HEADER", identity_header);
HttpResponseMessage response = await httpClient.GetAsync(requestURL);
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
string responseBody = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
var access_token = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<TokenResp>(responseBody).access_token;
//After get access token for app: 4df52c7e-3d6f-4865-a499-cebbb2f79d26, call the API that protected by it
//chnage your api url here.
var APIURL = "https://frankapp.azurewebsites.net";
HttpClient callAPI = new HttpClient();
callAPI.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization","Bearer "+ access_token);
HttpResponseMessage APIResponse = await callAPI.GetAsync(APIURL);
//check the response code to see if called the API successfully.
return new OkObjectResult(APIResponse.StatusCode);
}
public class TokenResp {
public string access_token { get; set; }
public string expires_on { get; set; }
public string resource { get; set; }
public string token_type { get; set; }
public string client_id { get; set; }
}
Result:
