Spoiler: I have tried it an it actually did work. But why? And is it save to assume that my application will continue running without any runtime errors related to .NET framework?
It would save a lot of trouble because it concerns only a small add-on application. We neither want to introduce another .NET framework version to the customer's computer, nor retarget the app to an older framework, if possible.
There are tons of information like the one at Microsoft Docs for the situation where an older app runs with a newer framework but I have not found any official information about the opposite situation.