For the official answer see https://github.com/svi3c/jasmine-ts/issues/177#issuecomment-1008292856
Basically jasmine-ts is dead and will not be updated for jasmine 4.0. You don't need to do any patching of jasmine. I strongly advise against it as you are only creating extra work for your self with every upgrade. In addition even minor updates may change or remove the internal classes/files your patches expose.
For commonjs output as is default for node projects you only need to add the fallowing helper:
const { register } = require('ts-node');
register({
project: 'tsconfig.json'
});
This will enable jasmine to run typescript tests though other helper. For ES6 output see https://github.com/ert78gb/jasmine4-typescript-es6-module-example.. Nodejs support for E6 modules is still new and will come with some changes beyond the scope of this answer.
Failing this I have found another solution using ts-node:
#!/bin/sh
ts-node -r ts-node/register ./node_modules/jasmine/bin/jasmine.js
#ts-node returns non-zero positive even on success for the above. Force return to 0 so npm doesn't complain.
return 0
If you have more than one tsconifg.json file you may need an addition npm module to assist with this. The above script has the advantage of making even the config files able to be read as typescript.