Barcodes simply contain ASCII (or with more modern 2d symbols) UTF-8 character codes. So standard keyboard values such as Enter and Tab that correspond to ASCII values can be encoded in a barcode.
On the other hand, dedicated barcode scanners that attach via USB are essentially keyboard emulators. And those can be programmed to create Alt and Ctrl key sequences.
Unfortunately, I do not know of any scanner makers that support Alt-Tab. Most programmable scanners can create Alt-A ... Alt-Z but not Alt-Tab.
Additionally, most barcode scanners allow you to define prefix and suffix key codes to send when a barcode is scanned. The most common configuration is to send Enter or Tab after each scanned barcode. This is done by programming the scanner, not in the barcode.