I have configured GSuite as the identity provider for our AWS SSO service following the directions in this blog post. When I visit my SSO user portal URL (ie https://d-1234567890.awsapps.com/start) I am correctly redirected to accounts.google.com where I authenticate and get redirected back to AWS SSO. At this point I receive an error from aws (url https://us-west-2.signin.aws.amazon.com/platform/saml/acs/SOME-UUID).
The error is:
Invalid MFA credentials
Your MFA credentials were incorrect. Please check your device and try again.
As far as I know you can't configure MFA with external identity providers in AWS SSO.
FWIW, I have tested setting up AWS SSO with AWS SSO as the identity provider and setting MFA and it worked.