Is there a way to change a global value from inside a function?

Question

I am currently working an a snake game, but I first want a settings window to show up.i used tkinter for this. In smaller projekts I just wrote all of the code into the pressButton function, but I want to have non spagetti code now, so im not going with that. The problem is, that I have no idea how to get the entered values in the entry brackets into my main code, as global variables, out of the pressButton function and the settingsWin function. The problem is that I use the function as a command for the Button, so I cannt use "return". Can you change global variables in the main code direcktly from inside of a function? If yes how? Or is there another way to solve this? My Code:

def settingsWin():

    def pressButton():
        len = entryLen.get()
        wid = entryWid.get()
        speed = entrySpeed.get()
        print(len+wid+speed)
        SettingsWin.destroy()
        return len

    SettingsWin = Tk()
    SettingsWin.geometry("600x600")
    SettingsWin.title("Settings")
    label1 = Label(SettingsWin, text="playing field [tiles]")
    label1.pack()
    entryLen = Entry(SettingsWin, bd=2, width=20)
    entryLen.pack()
    label2 = Label(SettingsWin, text="X")
    label2.pack()
    entryWid = Entry(SettingsWin, bd=2, width=20)
    entryWid.pack()
    labelblanc = Label(SettingsWin, text="")
    labelblanc.pack()
    label3 = Label(SettingsWin, text="Speed [ms per tick]")
    label3.pack()
    entrySpeed = Entry(SettingsWin, bd=2, width="20")
    entrySpeed.pack()
    okButton = Button(SettingsWin, text="OK", command=pressButton)
    okButton.pack()


    SettingsWin.mainloop()

len = "len"
wid = "wid"
speed = "speed"

You can answer this with the standard python documentation. https://docs.python.org/3/faq/programming.html#what-are-the-rules-for-local-and-global-variables-in-python and https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#global — Bryan Oakley, Oct 11 '20 at 20:59
you just need to define a variable as `global x = 1` and you can change it inside a function as `global x=3` — MECoskun, Oct 11 '20 at 20:59
What's wrong in saying `global len, wid, speed` inside the function `presssButton()`? — Delrius Euphoria, Oct 11 '20 at 20:59

DavidO · Accepted Answer · 2020-10-12T15:13:48.097

It is often indicative of code smell to require that a function alter variables at scopes outside the function (except possibly in the case of closures, which are quite useful), it is possible to do so using the global keyword:

greeting = "Hello world!"

def greet():
    global greeting
    greeting = "Goodbye world!"

print(greeting)

greet()

print(greeting)

By declaring the variable greeting to be of global scope, altering the variable within the function definition allows the function to affect the global variable.

If you are working within nested subs, the nonlocal keyword will provide access within the inner sub, to the variable in the outer sub. It works similar to global, except that it is for broader lexical scope, not global scope.

Thanks that was what I was looking for :) – madcoder Oct 12 '20 at 13:57 — madcoder, Oct 12 '20 at 13:57

Is there a way to change a global value from inside a function?

1 Answers1