The only way that I know to archive something similar to share the breakpoints is to create a collaborative debug session. Take a look here, I have found relevant information:
Each collaborator can investigate different variables, jump to
different files in the call stack, inspect variables, and even add or
remove breakpoints. Co-editing features then allow each participant
orator to track where the others are located to provide the unique
ability to seamlessly switch between concurrently investigating
different aspects of the problem and collaboratively debugging.
Using it is simple.
Be sure both the host and all guests have the appropriate debugging extension installed. (Technically this is not always
necessary, but it is generally a good idea.)
As the host, if not already set up for the project, you should configure launch.json to debug the application from VS Code as you
would normally. No special setup is required.
Next, the host can start debugging using the button in the debug tab as normal.
You can easily setup what you need following the official guide
In case you want another alternative take a look at this extension, I have never tested it but it seems what you need.
Someone has created an issue on GitHub for this, but it seems to be dead.