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Assuming we a 2 player game and each of them have 2 options. So there are 4 states and each of them have the same payoff. So in such a case, how can we say that all of the states as Pareto Optimal ? Based on my reading, Pareto Optimality requires that at least one of the players prefer one outcome strictly more than the others, which cannot be the case here.

| (1,1) | (1,1) |

| (1,1) | (1,1) |

user3656142
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    [From Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_efficiency): *Pareto efficiency or Pareto optimality is a situation where no individual or preference criterion can be better off without making at least one individual or preference criterion worse off.* What have you read that says there must be at least one player preferring one outcome more than others? – kaya3 Aug 10 '20 at 00:23
  • I was wrong in understanding the text, @kaya3 descriptions solves it. – user3656142 Aug 10 '20 at 23:47

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