I don't think TextMate is able to do that, with or without a plugin.
-- START EDIT --
When I was still using it and I wanted to see (and possibly jump to) where a method or property came from I just used Search in Project.
-- END EDIT --
Vim in conjunction with ctags and cscope can help you jump from instance to prototype and vice-versa — wether it's in the current file or not — with <C-]>
(or <C-$>
on my french Mac keyboard); with TagList or TagBar you can see the structure of your code… but none of this can give you the clean overview you are looking for. But there is probably a plugin for that.
But if that kind of features is important for you it is typically a good reason to use an IDE instead of a text editor. In Eclipse, for example, you have a Type Hierarchy view that does most of what you want and possibly other tools to do the rest. I haven't tried every single IDE under the sun but I think a similar or more powerful feature exists in all of them.
Maybe in Emacs…