I run $ bundle exec rake test and I receive this:
ubuntu:~/environment/sample_app (modeling-users) $ bundle exec rake test
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootstrap-4.3.1/lib/bootstrap/version.rb:4: warning: already initialized constant Bootstrap::VERSION
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootstrap-sass-3.4.1/lib/bootstrap-sass/version.rb:2: warning: previous definition of VERSION was here
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootstrap-4.3.1/lib/bootstrap/version.rb:5: warning: already initialized constant Bootstrap::BOOTSTRAP_SHA
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootstrap-sass-3.4.1/lib/bootstrap-sass/version.rb:3: warning: previous definition of BOOTSTRAP_SHA was here
Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:
rails db:migrate RAILS_ENV=test
Okay, great, so I run $ rails db:migrate RAILS_ENV=test and I receive this:
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootstrap-4.3.1/lib/bootstrap/version.rb:4: warning: already initialized constant Bootstrap::VERSION
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootstrap-sass-3.4.1/lib/bootstrap-sass/version.rb:2: warning: previous definition of VERSION was here
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootstrap-4.3.1/lib/bootstrap/version.rb:5: warning: already initialized constant Bootstrap::BOOTSTRAP_SHA
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootstrap-sass-3.4.1/lib/bootstrap-sass/version.rb:3: warning: previous definition of BOOTSTRAP_SHA was here
rails aborted!
StandardError: An error has occurred, this and all later migrations canceled:
Directly inheriting from ActiveRecord::Migration is not supported. Please specify the Rails release the migration was written for:
class AddPasswordDigestToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[4.2]
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:536:in `inherited'
/home/ubuntu/environment/sample_app/db/migrate/20200614082512_add_password_digest_to_users.rb:1:in `<main>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/zeitwerk-2.3.0/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:23:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1010:in `load_migration'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1006:in `migration'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1002:in `disable_ddl_transaction'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1368:in `use_transaction?'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1360:in `ddl_transaction'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1309:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1281:in `block in migrate_without_lock'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1280:in `each'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1280:in `migrate_without_lock'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1231:in `migrate'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1061:in `up'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1036:in `migrate'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:238:in `migrate'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:86:in `block (3 levels) in <main>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:84:in `each'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:84:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/railties-6.0.3.1/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:23:in `block in perform'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/railties-6.0.3.1/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:20:in `perform'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/railties-6.0.3.1/lib/rails/command.rb:48:in `invoke'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/railties-6.0.3.1/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activesupport-6.0.3.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:324:in `block in require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activesupport-6.0.3.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `load_dependency'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activesupport-6.0.3.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:324:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/environment/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/bin/spring:49:in `<top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `load'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `<top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/environment/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/environment/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'
Caused by:
StandardError: Directly inheriting from ActiveRecord::Migration is not supported. Please specify the Rails release the migration was written for:
class AddPasswordDigestToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[4.2]
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:536:in `inherited'
/home/ubuntu/environment/sample_app/db/migrate/20200614082512_add_password_digest_to_users.rb:1:in `<main>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/zeitwerk-2.3.0/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:23:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1010:in `load_migration'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1006:in `migration'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1002:in `disable_ddl_transaction'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1368:in `use_transaction?'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1360:in `ddl_transaction'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1309:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1281:in `block in migrate_without_lock'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1280:in `each'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1280:in `migrate_without_lock'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1231:in `migrate'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1061:in `up'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1036:in `migrate'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:238:in `migrate'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:86:in `block (3 levels) in <main>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:84:in `each'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activerecord-6.0.3.1/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:84:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/railties-6.0.3.1/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:23:in `block in perform'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/railties-6.0.3.1/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:20:in `perform'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/railties-6.0.3.1/lib/rails/command.rb:48:in `invoke'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/railties-6.0.3.1/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/bootsnap-1.4.5/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activesupport-6.0.3.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:324:in `block in require'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activesupport-6.0.3.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `load_dependency'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/activesupport-6.0.3.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:324:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/environment/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/bin/spring:49:in `<top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `load'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/spring-2.1.0/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `<top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/environment/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/environment/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
I see some of the errors, but I don't fully understand what it's asking me to do or what these errors mean. I'm extremely new to rails, so apologies if these are more than obvious. This is my literal first time learning any of this, point blank. Thank you!