I've been struggling with a resource leak seemingly caused by NVIDIA's h.264 encoder MFT. Each time a frame is submitted to the encoder, the reference count of my D3D device is incremented by 1, and this reference is not given up even after shutting down the MFT. A bunch of threads are leaked as well.
I'm almost ready to bring this up with NVIDIA, but I'd like to first make sure there's nothing obvious I have missed. Please see my implementation below - I've tried to keep it as concise and clear as possible.
Arguments for why this might be a problem with NVIDIA's encoder:
- This only happens with NVIDIA's encoder. No leak is observed when running on e.g. Intel's QuickSync.
Arguments for why this might be a problem in my code:
- I've tried using a SinkWriter to write DXGI surfaces to a file in a similar fashion, and here the leak is not present. Unfortunately I don't have access to the source code of SinkWriter. I would be very happy if anyone could point me to some working sample code that I could compare against.
#pragma comment(lib, "D3D11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "mfplat.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "mf.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "evr.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "mfuuid.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "Winmm.lib")
// std
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
// Windows
#include <windows.h>
#include <atlbase.h>
// DirectX
#include <d3d11.h>
// Media Foundation
#include <mfapi.h>
#include <mfplay.h>
#include <mfreadwrite.h>
#include <mferror.h>
#include <Codecapi.h>
// Error handling
#define CHECK(x) if (!(x)) { printf("%s(%d) %s was false\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, #x); throw std::exception(); }
#define CHECK_HR(x) { HRESULT hr_ = (x); if (FAILED(hr_)) { printf("%s(%d) %s failed with 0x%x\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, #x, hr_); throw std::exception(); } }
// Constants
constexpr UINT ENCODE_WIDTH = 1920;
constexpr UINT ENCODE_HEIGHT = 1080;
constexpr UINT ENCODE_FRAMES = 120;
void runEncode();
int main()
{
CHECK_HR(CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED));
CHECK_HR(MFStartup(MF_VERSION));
for (;;)
{
runEncode();
if (getchar() == 'q')
break;
}
CHECK_HR(MFShutdown());
return 0;
}
void runEncode()
{
CComPtr<ID3D11Device> device;
CComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> context;
CComPtr<IMFDXGIDeviceManager> deviceManager;
CComPtr<IMFVideoSampleAllocatorEx> allocator;
CComPtr<IMFTransform> transform;
CComPtr<IMFAttributes> transformAttrs;
CComQIPtr<IMFMediaEventGenerator> eventGen;
DWORD inputStreamID;
DWORD outputStreamID;
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize D3D11
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHECK_HR(D3D11CreateDevice(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_VIDEO_SUPPORT | D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG, NULL, 0, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &device, NULL, &context));
{
// Probably not necessary in this application, but maybe the MFT requires it?
CComQIPtr<ID3D10Multithread> mt(device);
CHECK(mt);
mt->SetMultithreadProtected(TRUE);
}
// Create device manager
UINT resetToken;
CHECK_HR(MFCreateDXGIDeviceManager(&resetToken, &deviceManager));
CHECK_HR(deviceManager->ResetDevice(device, resetToken));
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize hardware encoder MFT
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
{
// Find the encoder
CComHeapPtr<IMFActivate*> activateRaw;
UINT32 activateCount = 0;
// Input & output types
MFT_REGISTER_TYPE_INFO inInfo = { MFMediaType_Video, MFVideoFormat_NV12 };
MFT_REGISTER_TYPE_INFO outInfo = { MFMediaType_Video, MFVideoFormat_H264 };
// Query for the adapter LUID to get a matching encoder for the device.
CComQIPtr<IDXGIDevice> dxgiDevice(device);
CHECK(dxgiDevice);
CComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter;
CHECK_HR(dxgiDevice->GetAdapter(&adapter));
DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC adapterDesc;
CHECK_HR(adapter->GetDesc(&adapterDesc));
CComPtr<IMFAttributes> enumAttrs;
CHECK_HR(MFCreateAttributes(&enumAttrs, 1));
CHECK_HR(enumAttrs->SetBlob(MFT_ENUM_ADAPTER_LUID, (BYTE*)&adapterDesc.AdapterLuid, sizeof(LUID)));
CHECK_HR(MFTEnum2(MFT_CATEGORY_VIDEO_ENCODER, MFT_ENUM_FLAG_HARDWARE | MFT_ENUM_FLAG_SORTANDFILTER, &inInfo, &outInfo, enumAttrs, &activateRaw, &activateCount));
CHECK(activateCount != 0);
// Choose the first returned encoder
CComPtr<IMFActivate> activate = activateRaw[0];
// Memory management
for (UINT32 i = 0; i < activateCount; i++)
activateRaw[i]->Release();
// Activate
CHECK_HR(activate->ActivateObject(IID_PPV_ARGS(&transform)));
// Get attributes
CHECK_HR(transform->GetAttributes(&transformAttrs));
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Query encoder name (not necessary, but nice) and unlock for async use
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
{
UINT32 nameLength = 0;
std::wstring name;
CHECK_HR(transformAttrs->GetStringLength(MFT_FRIENDLY_NAME_Attribute, &nameLength));
// IMFAttributes::GetString returns a null-terminated wide string
name.resize((size_t)nameLength + 1);
CHECK_HR(transformAttrs->GetString(MFT_FRIENDLY_NAME_Attribute, &name[0], (UINT32)name.size(), &nameLength));
name.resize(nameLength);
printf("Using %ls\n", name.c_str());
// Unlock the transform for async use and get event generator
CHECK_HR(transformAttrs->SetUINT32(MF_TRANSFORM_ASYNC_UNLOCK, TRUE));
CHECK(eventGen = transform);
}
// Get stream IDs (expect 1 input and 1 output stream)
{
HRESULT hr = transform->GetStreamIDs(1, &inputStreamID, 1, &outputStreamID);
if (hr == E_NOTIMPL)
{
inputStreamID = 0;
outputStreamID = 0;
hr = S_OK;
}
CHECK_HR(hr);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Configure hardware encoder MFT
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set D3D manager
CHECK_HR(transform->ProcessMessage(MFT_MESSAGE_SET_D3D_MANAGER, reinterpret_cast<ULONG_PTR>(deviceManager.p)));
// Set output type
CComPtr<IMFMediaType> outputType;
CHECK_HR(MFCreateMediaType(&outputType));
CHECK_HR(outputType->SetGUID(MF_MT_MAJOR_TYPE, MFMediaType_Video));
CHECK_HR(outputType->SetGUID(MF_MT_SUBTYPE, MFVideoFormat_H264));
CHECK_HR(outputType->SetUINT32(MF_MT_AVG_BITRATE, 30000000));
CHECK_HR(MFSetAttributeSize(outputType, MF_MT_FRAME_SIZE, ENCODE_WIDTH, ENCODE_HEIGHT));
CHECK_HR(MFSetAttributeRatio(outputType, MF_MT_FRAME_RATE, 60, 1));
CHECK_HR(outputType->SetUINT32(MF_MT_INTERLACE_MODE, 2));
CHECK_HR(outputType->SetUINT32(MF_MT_ALL_SAMPLES_INDEPENDENT, TRUE));
CHECK_HR(transform->SetOutputType(outputStreamID, outputType, 0));
// Set input type
CComPtr<IMFMediaType> inputType;
CHECK_HR(transform->GetInputAvailableType(inputStreamID, 0, &inputType));
CHECK_HR(inputType->SetGUID(MF_MT_MAJOR_TYPE, MFMediaType_Video));
CHECK_HR(inputType->SetGUID(MF_MT_SUBTYPE, MFVideoFormat_NV12));
CHECK_HR(MFSetAttributeSize(inputType, MF_MT_FRAME_SIZE, ENCODE_WIDTH, ENCODE_HEIGHT));
CHECK_HR(MFSetAttributeRatio(inputType, MF_MT_FRAME_RATE, 60, 1));
CHECK_HR(transform->SetInputType(inputStreamID, inputType, 0));
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create sample allocator
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
{
MFCreateVideoSampleAllocatorEx(IID_PPV_ARGS(&allocator));
CHECK(allocator);
CComPtr<IMFAttributes> allocAttrs;
MFCreateAttributes(&allocAttrs, 2);
CHECK_HR(allocAttrs->SetUINT32(MF_SA_D3D11_BINDFLAGS, D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET));
CHECK_HR(allocAttrs->SetUINT32(MF_SA_D3D11_USAGE, D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT));
CHECK_HR(allocator->SetDirectXManager(deviceManager));
CHECK_HR(allocator->InitializeSampleAllocatorEx(1, 2, allocAttrs, inputType));
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Start encoding
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHECK_HR(transform->ProcessMessage(MFT_MESSAGE_COMMAND_FLUSH, NULL));
CHECK_HR(transform->ProcessMessage(MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_BEGIN_STREAMING, NULL));
CHECK_HR(transform->ProcessMessage(MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_START_OF_STREAM, NULL));
// Encode loop
for (int i = 0; i < ENCODE_FRAMES; i++)
{
// Get next event
CComPtr<IMFMediaEvent> event;
CHECK_HR(eventGen->GetEvent(0, &event));
MediaEventType eventType;
CHECK_HR(event->GetType(&eventType));
switch (eventType)
{
case METransformNeedInput:
{
CComPtr<IMFSample> sample;
CHECK_HR(allocator->AllocateSample(&sample));
CHECK_HR(transform->ProcessInput(inputStreamID, sample, 0));
// Dereferencing the device once after feeding each frame "fixes" the leak.
//device.p->Release();
break;
}
case METransformHaveOutput:
{
DWORD status;
MFT_OUTPUT_DATA_BUFFER outputBuffer = {};
outputBuffer.dwStreamID = outputStreamID;
CHECK_HR(transform->ProcessOutput(0, 1, &outputBuffer, &status));
DWORD bufCount;
DWORD bufLength;
CHECK_HR(outputBuffer.pSample->GetBufferCount(&bufCount));
CComPtr<IMFMediaBuffer> outBuffer;
CHECK_HR(outputBuffer.pSample->GetBufferByIndex(0, &outBuffer));
CHECK_HR(outBuffer->GetCurrentLength(&bufLength));
printf("METransformHaveOutput buffers=%d, bytes=%d\n", bufCount, bufLength);
// Release the sample as it is not processed further.
if (outputBuffer.pSample)
outputBuffer.pSample->Release();
if (outputBuffer.pEvents)
outputBuffer.pEvents->Release();
break;
}
}
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Finish encoding
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHECK_HR(transform->ProcessMessage(MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_END_OF_STREAM, NULL));
CHECK_HR(transform->ProcessMessage(MFT_MESSAGE_NOTIFY_END_STREAMING, NULL));
CHECK_HR(transform->ProcessMessage(MFT_MESSAGE_COMMAND_DRAIN, NULL));
// Shutdown
printf("Finished encoding\n");
// I've tried all kinds of things...
//CHECK_HR(transform->ProcessMessage(MFT_MESSAGE_SET_D3D_MANAGER, reinterpret_cast<ULONG_PTR>(nullptr)));
//transform->SetInputType(inputStreamID, NULL, 0);
//transform->SetOutputType(outputStreamID, NULL, 0);
//transform->DeleteInputStream(inputStreamID);
//deviceManager->ResetDevice(NULL, resetToken);
CHECK_HR(MFShutdownObject(transform));
}
