The page you are linking to says:
With the Buster version, as of june 2019, the necessary details for
using i2c_smbus_write_byte_data() and siblings, require the following
include statements:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/i2c-dev.h>
#include <i2c/smbus.h>
Using fgrep you can confirm that the function is declared in the /usr/include/i2c/smbus.h:
# cd /usr/include; fgrep -R i2c_smbus_write_byte *
i2c/smbus.h:extern __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(int file, __u8 value);
i2c/smbus.h:extern __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 value);
So this should work:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/i2c-dev.h>
#include <i2c/smbus.h>
int main(void) {
int i2c = open("/dev/i2c-1", O_RDWR);
i2c_smbus_write_byte(i2c, 1);
close(i2c);
return 0;
}
I tested that this example compiles successfully in the latest Raspbian Buster Lite:
gcc test.c -otest -li2c
If you are using g++ instead of gcc, then you should wrap the include directives with extern "C":
extern "C" {
#include <linux/i2c-dev.h>
#include <i2c/smbus.h>
}